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  string(40) "Placebo response in rheumatoid arthritis"
  ["project_narrative_summary"]=>
  string(626) "We plan to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo response in rheumatoid arthritis - in other words whether those who are taking an inactive placebo treatment in a clinical trial rather than an active experimental treatment receive any benefit in terms of their rating of pain intensity on a visual analogue scale. The work will follow the same design of our previous work in complex regional pain syndrome:
Mbizvo GK, Nolan SJ, Nurmikko TJ, Goebel A. Placebo responses in longstanding Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Pain, 2015; Feb;16(2):99-115." 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A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial of Anti-TNF Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody (cA2) in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Despite Methotrexate Treatment" ["post_excerpt"]=> string(0) "" ["post_status"]=> string(7) "publish" ["comment_status"]=> string(4) "open" ["ping_status"]=> string(4) "open" ["post_password"]=> string(0) "" ["post_name"]=> string(194) "nct00269867-a-placebo-controlled-double-blinded-randomized-clinical-trial-of-anti-tnf-chimeric-monoclonal-antibody-ca2-in-patients-with-active-rheumatoid-arthritis-despite-methotrexate-treatment" ["to_ping"]=> string(0) "" ["pinged"]=> string(0) "" ["post_modified"]=> string(19) "2024-03-26 11:41:25" ["post_modified_gmt"]=> string(19) "2024-03-26 15:41:25" ["post_content_filtered"]=> string(0) "" ["post_parent"]=> int(0) ["guid"]=> string(243) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/clinical-trial/nct00269867-a-placebo-controlled-double-blinded-randomized-clinical-trial-of-anti-tnf-chimeric-monoclonal-antibody-ca2-in-patients-with-active-rheumatoid-arthritis-despite-methotrexate-treatment/" ["menu_order"]=> int(0) ["post_type"]=> string(14) "clinical_trial" ["post_mime_type"]=> string(0) "" ["comment_count"]=> string(1) "0" ["filter"]=> string(3) "raw" } [2]=> object(WP_Post)#4683 (24) { ["ID"]=> int(1950) ["post_author"]=> string(4) "1363" ["post_date"]=> string(19) "2016-06-23 16:10:00" ["post_date_gmt"]=> string(19) "2016-06-23 16:10:00" ["post_content"]=> string(0) "" ["post_title"]=> string(235) "NCT00732875 - 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A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Golimumab, an Anti-TNFalpha Monoclonal Antibody, Administered Intravenously, in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Despite Methotrexate Therapy" ["post_excerpt"]=> string(0) "" ["post_status"]=> string(7) "publish" ["comment_status"]=> string(4) "open" ["ping_status"]=> string(4) "open" ["post_password"]=> string(0) "" ["post_name"]=> string(192) "nct00973479-a-multicenter-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-trial-of-golimumab-an-anti-tnfalpha-monoclonal-antibody-administered-intravenously-in-patients-with-active-rheumatoid-arthr" ["to_ping"]=> string(0) "" ["pinged"]=> string(0) "" ["post_modified"]=> string(19) "2023-02-06 13:22:36" ["post_modified_gmt"]=> string(19) "2023-02-06 13:22:36" ["post_content_filtered"]=> string(0) "" ["post_parent"]=> int(0) ["guid"]=> string(241) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/clinical-trial/nct00973479-a-multicenter-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-trial-of-golimumab-an-anti-tnfalpha-monoclonal-antibody-administered-intravenously-in-patients-with-active-rheumatoid-arthr/" ["menu_order"]=> int(0) ["post_type"]=> string(14) "clinical_trial" ["post_mime_type"]=> string(0) "" ["comment_count"]=> string(1) "0" ["filter"]=> string(3) "raw" } } ["project_date_type"]=> string(18) "full_crs_supp_docs" ["property_scientific_abstract"]=> string(1293) "Background: Previous work has demonstrated a lack of placebo response in for pain in complex regional pain syndrome, despite common anecdotal existence of such an effect which is often accounted for in study design. We wish to investigate whether placebo responses exist in other conditions in which such a response is commonly expected.
Objective:The aim of the project is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo pain responses in participants with rheumatoid arthritis recruited into placebo-controlled biologics trials.
Study Design: Systematic Review and Summary Level Meta-Analysis
Participants: Participants with rheumatoid arthritis, randomised to the placebo arm of a biologic trial of at least 4 weeks duration
Main outcome measure: Our primary endpoint will be ?placebo response,? defined as the mean change in pain intensity (measured on the VAS 0-100mm) from baseline to post-treatment.
Statistical Analysis: We will calculate a mean difference and standard error of mean difference for change in pain intensity from baseline for each trial We will then synthesise the individual effect sizes at the specified times of interest (early, short-term and long-term response) via meta-analysis using the method of inverse-variance." ["project_brief_bg"]=> string(380) "Following on from our previous work which demonstrated a lack of placebo response for pain in complex regional pain syndrome, despite common anecdotal existence of such an effect which is often accounted for in study design (Mbizvo et al. 2015), we wished to extend our hypothesis to rheumatoid arthritis, a condition for which placebo response is also often anecdotally expected." ["project_specific_aims"]=> string(194) "The aim of the project is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo pain responses in participants with rheumatoid arthritis recruited into placebo-controlled biologics trials." ["project_study_design"]=> string(0) "" ["project_study_design_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_purposes"]=> array(0) { } ["project_purposes_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_software_used"]=> string(0) "" ["project_software_used_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_research_methods"]=> string(1217) "? RCTs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in adults diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) revised 1987 criteria or 2010 criteria (reference);
o We will not exclude any trials based on severity of disease, duration of disease or previous biologic treatment.
o Trials of all sample sizes will be included
o Trials including mixed populations (i.e. participants with rheumatoid arthritis and participants with other conditions) will be included if information could be extracted for the subgroup with rheumatoid arthritis.
? Single-blinded (participants) or double-blinded (participants and investigators) trials;
? Parallel design trials of at least 4 weeks duration with at least one active treatment arm and a placebo arm;
o Trials will be included in which active and placebo treatments are started as monotherapy among participants or if active and placebo treatments are added on to existing treatments such as methotrexate provided that doses of existing treatments remain fixed throughout the trial. If existing treatment doses do not remain fixed or it is not stated that an appropriate length of washout period of existing treatments" ["project_main_outcome_measure"]=> string(1156) "Our primary endpoint will be ?placebo response,? defined as the mean change in pain intensity (measured on the VAS 0-100mm) from baseline to post-treatment. To standardise to a single scale, we will assume a conversion to VAS (0-100mm) by multiplying VAS (0-10cm) pain scores by ten. Where the mean change from baseline is not reported as a summary measure, we will calculate the placebo response from data extracted for baseline and all post-treatment pain scores reported. Where data are reported only graphically, we will contact the corresponding author for numerical data. If this is unsuccessful, we will measure the placebo response from the available published graph by hand; where two authors (SN and GM) will perform extraction from graphs and compare results for accuracy.
We intend to perform separate meta-analyses to assess ?early response? (at four to six weeks), ?short-term response? (at around 12 weeks and at around 24 weeks) and ?long term response? (at around 48 to 52 weeks). Measurement times which fit approximate into these time frames (e.g. six months as approximately 24 weeks) will be included in analysis if appropriate." ["project_main_predictor_indep"]=> string(730) "We intend to perform several subgroup analyses at each specified time (early, short-term and long-term response) to assess the relationship between placebo response and potential confounding factors of interest, if data reported in included trials allows:
? Placebo monotherapy compared to placebo added on to treatments
? Previous use of biologics compared to biologic naive
? Disease severity: DAS score of 5.1 or more compared to DAS score of less than 5.1
? Disease duration: less than one year compared to one year or more
? Intravenous compared to subcutaneous route of intervention
? Baseline pain (VAS 0-100 mm scale): mild pain 0-30mm, moderate pain 31-70mm, severe pain 71-100mm" ["project_other_variables_interest"]=> string(0) "" ["project_stat_analysis_plan"]=> string(2344) "We will calculate a mean difference and standard error of mean difference for change in pain intensity from baseline for each trial (see Appendix for details ). We will then synthesise the individual effect sizes at the specified times of interest (early, short-term and long-term response) via meta-analysis using the method of inverse-variance. Pooled mean differences and 95% confidence intervals will be reported for each meta-analysis separately.
We will assess the level of heterogeneity present between trials by visual inspection of forest plots and formally according to the I2 statistic (reference Higgins 2003) (the percentage of variability between trials which is due to statistical heterogeneity). A rough interpretation of this I2 statistic is as follows:
? 0% to 40%: may not be important;
? 30% to 60% may represent moderate heterogeneity;
? 50% to 90% may represent substantial heterogeneity;
? 75% to 100% represents considerable heterogeneity.
Due to wide ranging inclusion of trials of different biologics, design and participant characteristics, we anticipate that heterogeneity is likely to be present between trials; therefore we will perform random-effects meta-analysis at each specified time.
If subgroup analysis is possible, we will also perform the subgroup analyses described above (see Primary Outcome and assessment of potential confounding factors) with random-effects meta-analysis we will perform a test of subgroup differences to examine the influence of different study and participant characteristics (see Appendix for statistical details of test of subgroup differences). To account for the subgroup analysis of multiple trial related factors, Pooled mean differences and 99% confidence intervals will be reported for subgroups over the separate time periods.
If reported data allows, we also intend to perform meta-regression to assess the effect of baseline pain and disease duration on placebo response on a continuous scale (reference)
We will perform our systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) (reference). All statistical analyses will be performed in Stata statistical software version 11.2 (version tbc and reference)" ["project_timeline"]=> string(262) "Project started / searches conducted: September 2015
Data extraction / data request: First half of 2016.
Analysis and report writing: Second half of 2016 (dependent on data requests).
Aim to submit manuscript - at the latest the end of 2016." ["project_dissemination_plan"]=> string(108) "Publication in a relevant clinical journal
Possible presentation at related conferences, if feasible." ["project_bibliography"]=> string(201) "

Mbizvo GK, Nolan SJ, Nurmikko TJ, Goebel A. Placebo responses in longstanding Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Pain, 2015; Feb;16(2):99-115.

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2016-0698

Research Proposal

Project Title: Placebo response in rheumatoid arthritis

Scientific Abstract: Background: Previous work has demonstrated a lack of placebo response in for pain in complex regional pain syndrome, despite common anecdotal existence of such an effect which is often accounted for in study design. We wish to investigate whether placebo responses exist in other conditions in which such a response is commonly expected.
Objective:The aim of the project is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo pain responses in participants with rheumatoid arthritis recruited into placebo-controlled biologics trials.
Study Design: Systematic Review and Summary Level Meta-Analysis
Participants: Participants with rheumatoid arthritis, randomised to the placebo arm of a biologic trial of at least 4 weeks duration
Main outcome measure: Our primary endpoint will be ?placebo response,? defined as the mean change in pain intensity (measured on the VAS 0-100mm) from baseline to post-treatment.
Statistical Analysis: We will calculate a mean difference and standard error of mean difference for change in pain intensity from baseline for each trial We will then synthesise the individual effect sizes at the specified times of interest (early, short-term and long-term response) via meta-analysis using the method of inverse-variance.

Brief Project Background and Statement of Project Significance: Following on from our previous work which demonstrated a lack of placebo response for pain in complex regional pain syndrome, despite common anecdotal existence of such an effect which is often accounted for in study design (Mbizvo et al. 2015), we wished to extend our hypothesis to rheumatoid arthritis, a condition for which placebo response is also often anecdotally expected.

Specific Aims of the Project: The aim of the project is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo pain responses in participants with rheumatoid arthritis recruited into placebo-controlled biologics trials.

Study Design:

What is the purpose of the analysis being proposed? Please select all that apply.:

Software Used:

Data Source and Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria to be used to define the patient sample for your study: ? RCTs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in adults diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) revised 1987 criteria or 2010 criteria (reference);
o We will not exclude any trials based on severity of disease, duration of disease or previous biologic treatment.
o Trials of all sample sizes will be included
o Trials including mixed populations (i.e. participants with rheumatoid arthritis and participants with other conditions) will be included if information could be extracted for the subgroup with rheumatoid arthritis.
? Single-blinded (participants) or double-blinded (participants and investigators) trials;
? Parallel design trials of at least 4 weeks duration with at least one active treatment arm and a placebo arm;
o Trials will be included in which active and placebo treatments are started as monotherapy among participants or if active and placebo treatments are added on to existing treatments such as methotrexate provided that doses of existing treatments remain fixed throughout the trial. If existing treatment doses do not remain fixed or it is not stated that an appropriate length of washout period of existing treatments

Primary and Secondary Outcome Measure(s) and how they will be categorized/defined for your study: Our primary endpoint will be ?placebo response,? defined as the mean change in pain intensity (measured on the VAS 0-100mm) from baseline to post-treatment. To standardise to a single scale, we will assume a conversion to VAS (0-100mm) by multiplying VAS (0-10cm) pain scores by ten. Where the mean change from baseline is not reported as a summary measure, we will calculate the placebo response from data extracted for baseline and all post-treatment pain scores reported. Where data are reported only graphically, we will contact the corresponding author for numerical data. If this is unsuccessful, we will measure the placebo response from the available published graph by hand; where two authors (SN and GM) will perform extraction from graphs and compare results for accuracy.
We intend to perform separate meta-analyses to assess ?early response? (at four to six weeks), ?short-term response? (at around 12 weeks and at around 24 weeks) and ?long term response? (at around 48 to 52 weeks). Measurement times which fit approximate into these time frames (e.g. six months as approximately 24 weeks) will be included in analysis if appropriate.

Main Predictor/Independent Variable and how it will be categorized/defined for your study: We intend to perform several subgroup analyses at each specified time (early, short-term and long-term response) to assess the relationship between placebo response and potential confounding factors of interest, if data reported in included trials allows:
? Placebo monotherapy compared to placebo added on to treatments
? Previous use of biologics compared to biologic naive
? Disease severity: DAS score of 5.1 or more compared to DAS score of less than 5.1
? Disease duration: less than one year compared to one year or more
? Intravenous compared to subcutaneous route of intervention
? Baseline pain (VAS 0-100 mm scale): mild pain 0-30mm, moderate pain 31-70mm, severe pain 71-100mm

Other Variables of Interest that will be used in your analysis and how they will be categorized/defined for your study:

Statistical Analysis Plan: We will calculate a mean difference and standard error of mean difference for change in pain intensity from baseline for each trial (see Appendix for details ). We will then synthesise the individual effect sizes at the specified times of interest (early, short-term and long-term response) via meta-analysis using the method of inverse-variance. Pooled mean differences and 95% confidence intervals will be reported for each meta-analysis separately.
We will assess the level of heterogeneity present between trials by visual inspection of forest plots and formally according to the I2 statistic (reference Higgins 2003) (the percentage of variability between trials which is due to statistical heterogeneity). A rough interpretation of this I2 statistic is as follows:
? 0% to 40%: may not be important;
? 30% to 60% may represent moderate heterogeneity;
? 50% to 90% may represent substantial heterogeneity;
? 75% to 100% represents considerable heterogeneity.
Due to wide ranging inclusion of trials of different biologics, design and participant characteristics, we anticipate that heterogeneity is likely to be present between trials; therefore we will perform random-effects meta-analysis at each specified time.
If subgroup analysis is possible, we will also perform the subgroup analyses described above (see Primary Outcome and assessment of potential confounding factors) with random-effects meta-analysis we will perform a test of subgroup differences to examine the influence of different study and participant characteristics (see Appendix for statistical details of test of subgroup differences). To account for the subgroup analysis of multiple trial related factors, Pooled mean differences and 99% confidence intervals will be reported for subgroups over the separate time periods.
If reported data allows, we also intend to perform meta-regression to assess the effect of baseline pain and disease duration on placebo response on a continuous scale (reference)
We will perform our systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) (reference). All statistical analyses will be performed in Stata statistical software version 11.2 (version tbc and reference)

Narrative Summary: We plan to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo response in rheumatoid arthritis - in other words whether those who are taking an inactive placebo treatment in a clinical trial rather than an active experimental treatment receive any benefit in terms of their rating of pain intensity on a visual analogue scale. The work will follow the same design of our previous work in complex regional pain syndrome:
Mbizvo GK, Nolan SJ, Nurmikko TJ, Goebel A. Placebo responses in longstanding Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Pain, 2015; Feb;16(2):99-115.

Project Timeline: Project started / searches conducted: September 2015
Data extraction / data request: First half of 2016.
Analysis and report writing: Second half of 2016 (dependent on data requests).
Aim to submit manuscript - at the latest the end of 2016.

Dissemination Plan: Publication in a relevant clinical journal
Possible presentation at related conferences, if feasible.

Bibliography:

Mbizvo GK, Nolan SJ, Nurmikko TJ, Goebel A. Placebo responses in longstanding Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Pain, 2015; Feb;16(2):99-115.