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  string(132) "Speed of onset of infliximab and golimumab in patients with moderate-severely active ulcerative colitis: A Post-Hoc Analysis of RCTs"
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  string(667) "Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha therapy remains the cornerstone of management of patients with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). With availability of other non-TNF-biologic and small molecule options, speed of drug onset has become an important consideration for selecting a biologic agent. In this study, we will evaluate the speed of action of infliximab (IFX) and golimumab (GOL) for induction of remission and response in patients with moderate-severe UC, through analyses of late stage (Phase III), placebo-controlled trials of IFX and GOL in UC. We have previously evaluated speed of onset of action for vedolizumab and tofacitinib."
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      string(48) "University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA"
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  ["property_scientific_abstract"]=>
  string(1557) "Background: A rapid onset of action is an important characteristic of medical treatment for patients with moderate-severe UC. With increasing number of treatment alternatives, speed of onset of action has become an important factor to determine treatment.
Objective: To evaluate speed of action of infliximab (IFX) and golimumab (GOL) for induction of remission and response in patients with moderate-severe UC.
Study Design: Individual participant level pooled analysis of RCTs of infliximab (IFX) and golimumab (GOL) in patients with UC
Participants: Patients enrolled in phase III RCTs of IFX or GOL in moderate-severe UC, receiving active therapy with biologic agents
Main Outcome Measures: Change in clinical indices from baseline to end of induction. These include change in the mayo clinic score (MCS), stool frequency, rectal bleeding, mayo endoscopy score (MES), C reactive protein and calprotectin (where available).
Statistical Analysis: We will pool data of patients in active agent arms for IFX and GOL separately. A linear mixed model will be used to account for the correlation between repeated measures on individual patients that are clustered within studies and the time intervals of outcome assessment (defined as time elapsed since baseline assessment). The study will include fixed effects of drug treatment (infliximab, golilumab, placebo), time, treatment-time interaction, study, and additional patient-level covariates. The analysis will include random effects for patient and patient-time interaction." ["project_brief_bg"]=> string(3051) "Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha therapy remains the cornerstone of management of patients with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). Three recombinant anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies are currently approved in the United States for clinical use in patients with active moderately-to-severely active UC: Remicade (infliximab [IFX]), Humira (adalimumab), and Simponi (golimumab). Infliximab was the first approved of these agents based upon the Active Ulcerative Colitis Trials (ACT-1 and 2) (Clinicaltrials.gov numbers: NCT00036439 and NCT00096655). These trials recruited patients with moderately-to-severely active UC defined as a total Mayo Clinic score (MCS) of 6 to 12 points and a Mayo endoscopic sub-score (MES) of 2. Both studies had a similar design (ACT-1 was 54 and ACT-2 was 30 weeks in duration) with equal allocation of patients to treatment with placebo, IFX 5 mg/kg, or IFX 10 mg/kg. Infliximab was administered intravenously at week (W)0, W2, W6 and every 8 weeks thereafter.
In 2013, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved golimumab, another human monoclonal anti-TNF agent, for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe UC, largely based on the results of the Program of Ulcerative Colitis Research Studies Utilizing an Investigational Treatment [PURSUIT], including the PURSUIT-subcutaneous induction [PURSUIT-SC; NCT00487539] and PURSUIT maintenance [PURSUIT-M; NCT00488631] trials. In these randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, treatment with subcutaneous [SC] golimumab induced clinical response, remission, and mucosal healing in larger percentages of patients with active UC than did placebo, and continued golimumab in patients who responded to induction therapy maintained clinical response through Week 54 [golimumab 50 or 100 mg] and achieved clinical remission and mucosal healing at Weeks 30 and 54 [golimumab 100 mg].
However, despite impressive results in the PURSUIT registration trials, uptake of GOL has been marginal in comparison to IFX. This may in part be related to a perception of an agent with slower onset of action.
The overall objective of this proposal is to evaluate the relative speed of onset of IFX and GOL through changes in clinical disease activity indices, after adjustment for relevant patient level covariates and other confounders. Our central hypothesis is that there is no difference in the speed on onset between these agents. The long-term goal of our program is to promote value-based care in UC, ensuring informed choice for patients and providers in an era of multiple available therapies for UC. The significance of this work lies in the fact that uptake of GOL has been marginal in comparison to IFX, in part based upon a preconception than a SC administered agent may be slower to work than a similar IV administered agent. The information generated through this study would be invaluable to inform both science, patient care, positioning of drugs in the therapeutic algorithm and treatment guidelines." ["project_specific_aims"]=> string(537) "Specific aim #1: To evaluate and compare the speed of action of infliximab (IFX) and golimumab (GOL) as induction agents in patients with moderate-severe UC, through post-hoc analysis of phase III RCTs of IFX and GOL in UC.
Hypothesis: There is no difference in the speed of action of IFX versus GOL when measuring change in clinical disease activity indices, after adjusting for confounding variables including age, gender, baseline disease activity, concomitant aminosalicylates/corticosteroids/ immunosuppressive, disease extent" ["project_study_design"]=> string(0) "" ["project_study_design_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_purposes"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(2) { ["value"]=> string(114) "New research question to examine treatment effectiveness on secondary endpoints and/or within subgroup populations" ["label"]=> string(114) "New research question to examine treatment effectiveness on secondary endpoints and/or within subgroup populations" } } ["project_purposes_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_software_used"]=> string(0) "" ["project_software_used_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_research_methods"]=> string(626) "Data sources:
? Trials of GOL in UC (NCT00487539, NCT00488631)
? Trials of IFX in UC (NCT00036439, NCT00096655, NCT00336492, NCT01551290)
Inclusion criteria:
? Patients (adults or pediatric) with moderate-severe UC
? Treated with infliximab or GOL or placebo for induction
? Reported concomitant use of other medication for UC (aminosalicylates, immunosuppressives, corticosteroids)
Exclusion criteria
? Lack of information on use of 5-ASA at time of screening or first study-related visit
? Patients lost to follow-up or did not complete the induction phase of each trial" ["project_main_outcome_measure"]=> string(277) "Primary outcome ? change in the following clinical disease activity parameters and their components from baseline to the end of the induction period, adjusted for known confounders. These include MCS, stool frequency, rectal bleeding as well as CRP/calprotectin (if available)." ["project_main_predictor_indep"]=> string(109) "Main predictor/independent variable will be use of GOL or IFX to the end of the induction period (yes vs no)." ["project_other_variables_interest"]=> string(162) "Key confounding variables of interest in our study are:
o Biochemical measures of disease severity ? baseline C-reactive protein as a categorical variable (" ["project_stat_analysis_plan"]=> string(1124) "A linear mixed model will be used to account for the correlation between repeated measures on individual patients that are clustered within studies and the time intervals of outcome assessment (defined as time elapsed since baseline assessment). The study will include fixed effects of drug treatment (infliximab, golilumab, placebo), time, treatment-time interaction, study, and additional patient-level covariates. The analysis will include random effects for patient and patient-time interaction. This model will be used to address determine the average rate of treatment effect for each drug, and the hypothesis that one drug may achieve a greater rate of treatment effect than the other drug.
Though we acknowledge time-to-event analysis would be informative, unfortunately, in these trials, all assessments were performed at standard fixed time points - partial Mayo score was assessed at weeks 2, 4, 6. Our focus is primarily on induction trials (typically 6-8 weeks long), and we will not be analyzing outcomes at later time points, so frequency or interval of long-term follow-up would have limited relevance." ["project_timeline"]=> string(363) "Once study is approved and data access provided (assuming by May 2018), our key milestones dates are:
o Project start date: June 1, 2018
o Analysis completion date: August 31, 2018
o Manuscript drafted: October 30, 2018
o Manuscript submitted for publication: November 30, 2018
o Date results reported back to YODA: November 30, 2018" ["project_dissemination_plan"]=> string(332) "We anticipate generation of one manuscript from this project. The target audience would be clinical gastroenterologists. Potentially suitable journals for this manuscript would be: American Journal of Gastroenterology, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alimentary pharmacology and Therapeutics or Inflammatory Bowel Diseases" ["project_bibliography"]=> string(378) "

1. Rutgeerts P, Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, et al. Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 8;353(23):2462-76.
2. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Marano C, et al. Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan;146(1):85-95

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2018-3121

General Information

How did you learn about the YODA Project?: Scientific Publication

Conflict of Interest

Request Clinical Trials

Associated Trial(s):
  1. NCT00036439 - A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis
  2. NCT00096655 - A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis
  3. NCT00336492 - A Phase 3, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab (REMICADE) in Pediatric Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis
  4. NCT00487539 - A Phase 2/3 Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Golimumab Induction Therapy, Administered Subcutaneously, in Subjects with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis
  5. NCT01551290 - A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab in Chinese Subjects With Active Ulcerative Colitis
  6. NCT00488631 - A Phase 3 Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Golimumab Maintenance Therapy, Administered Subcutaneously, in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis
What type of data are you looking for?:

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Data Request Status

Status: Published

Research Proposal

Project Title: Speed of onset of infliximab and golimumab in patients with moderate-severely active ulcerative colitis: A Post-Hoc Analysis of RCTs

Scientific Abstract: Background: A rapid onset of action is an important characteristic of medical treatment for patients with moderate-severe UC. With increasing number of treatment alternatives, speed of onset of action has become an important factor to determine treatment.
Objective: To evaluate speed of action of infliximab (IFX) and golimumab (GOL) for induction of remission and response in patients with moderate-severe UC.
Study Design: Individual participant level pooled analysis of RCTs of infliximab (IFX) and golimumab (GOL) in patients with UC
Participants: Patients enrolled in phase III RCTs of IFX or GOL in moderate-severe UC, receiving active therapy with biologic agents
Main Outcome Measures: Change in clinical indices from baseline to end of induction. These include change in the mayo clinic score (MCS), stool frequency, rectal bleeding, mayo endoscopy score (MES), C reactive protein and calprotectin (where available).
Statistical Analysis: We will pool data of patients in active agent arms for IFX and GOL separately. A linear mixed model will be used to account for the correlation between repeated measures on individual patients that are clustered within studies and the time intervals of outcome assessment (defined as time elapsed since baseline assessment). The study will include fixed effects of drug treatment (infliximab, golilumab, placebo), time, treatment-time interaction, study, and additional patient-level covariates. The analysis will include random effects for patient and patient-time interaction.

Brief Project Background and Statement of Project Significance: Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha therapy remains the cornerstone of management of patients with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). Three recombinant anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies are currently approved in the United States for clinical use in patients with active moderately-to-severely active UC: Remicade (infliximab [IFX]), Humira (adalimumab), and Simponi (golimumab). Infliximab was the first approved of these agents based upon the Active Ulcerative Colitis Trials (ACT-1 and 2) (Clinicaltrials.gov numbers: NCT00036439 and NCT00096655). These trials recruited patients with moderately-to-severely active UC defined as a total Mayo Clinic score (MCS) of 6 to 12 points and a Mayo endoscopic sub-score (MES) of 2. Both studies had a similar design (ACT-1 was 54 and ACT-2 was 30 weeks in duration) with equal allocation of patients to treatment with placebo, IFX 5 mg/kg, or IFX 10 mg/kg. Infliximab was administered intravenously at week (W)0, W2, W6 and every 8 weeks thereafter.
In 2013, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved golimumab, another human monoclonal anti-TNF agent, for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe UC, largely based on the results of the Program of Ulcerative Colitis Research Studies Utilizing an Investigational Treatment [PURSUIT], including the PURSUIT-subcutaneous induction [PURSUIT-SC; NCT00487539] and PURSUIT maintenance [PURSUIT-M; NCT00488631] trials. In these randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, treatment with subcutaneous [SC] golimumab induced clinical response, remission, and mucosal healing in larger percentages of patients with active UC than did placebo, and continued golimumab in patients who responded to induction therapy maintained clinical response through Week 54 [golimumab 50 or 100 mg] and achieved clinical remission and mucosal healing at Weeks 30 and 54 [golimumab 100 mg].
However, despite impressive results in the PURSUIT registration trials, uptake of GOL has been marginal in comparison to IFX. This may in part be related to a perception of an agent with slower onset of action.
The overall objective of this proposal is to evaluate the relative speed of onset of IFX and GOL through changes in clinical disease activity indices, after adjustment for relevant patient level covariates and other confounders. Our central hypothesis is that there is no difference in the speed on onset between these agents. The long-term goal of our program is to promote value-based care in UC, ensuring informed choice for patients and providers in an era of multiple available therapies for UC. The significance of this work lies in the fact that uptake of GOL has been marginal in comparison to IFX, in part based upon a preconception than a SC administered agent may be slower to work than a similar IV administered agent. The information generated through this study would be invaluable to inform both science, patient care, positioning of drugs in the therapeutic algorithm and treatment guidelines.

Specific Aims of the Project: Specific aim #1: To evaluate and compare the speed of action of infliximab (IFX) and golimumab (GOL) as induction agents in patients with moderate-severe UC, through post-hoc analysis of phase III RCTs of IFX and GOL in UC.
Hypothesis: There is no difference in the speed of action of IFX versus GOL when measuring change in clinical disease activity indices, after adjusting for confounding variables including age, gender, baseline disease activity, concomitant aminosalicylates/corticosteroids/ immunosuppressive, disease extent

Study Design:

What is the purpose of the analysis being proposed? Please select all that apply.: New research question to examine treatment effectiveness on secondary endpoints and/or within subgroup populations

Software Used:

Data Source and Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria to be used to define the patient sample for your study: Data sources:
? Trials of GOL in UC (NCT00487539, NCT00488631)
? Trials of IFX in UC (NCT00036439, NCT00096655, NCT00336492, NCT01551290)
Inclusion criteria:
? Patients (adults or pediatric) with moderate-severe UC
? Treated with infliximab or GOL or placebo for induction
? Reported concomitant use of other medication for UC (aminosalicylates, immunosuppressives, corticosteroids)
Exclusion criteria
? Lack of information on use of 5-ASA at time of screening or first study-related visit
? Patients lost to follow-up or did not complete the induction phase of each trial

Primary and Secondary Outcome Measure(s) and how they will be categorized/defined for your study: Primary outcome ? change in the following clinical disease activity parameters and their components from baseline to the end of the induction period, adjusted for known confounders. These include MCS, stool frequency, rectal bleeding as well as CRP/calprotectin (if available).

Main Predictor/Independent Variable and how it will be categorized/defined for your study: Main predictor/independent variable will be use of GOL or IFX to the end of the induction period (yes vs no).

Other Variables of Interest that will be used in your analysis and how they will be categorized/defined for your study: Key confounding variables of interest in our study are:
o Biochemical measures of disease severity ? baseline C-reactive protein as a categorical variable (

Statistical Analysis Plan: A linear mixed model will be used to account for the correlation between repeated measures on individual patients that are clustered within studies and the time intervals of outcome assessment (defined as time elapsed since baseline assessment). The study will include fixed effects of drug treatment (infliximab, golilumab, placebo), time, treatment-time interaction, study, and additional patient-level covariates. The analysis will include random effects for patient and patient-time interaction. This model will be used to address determine the average rate of treatment effect for each drug, and the hypothesis that one drug may achieve a greater rate of treatment effect than the other drug.
Though we acknowledge time-to-event analysis would be informative, unfortunately, in these trials, all assessments were performed at standard fixed time points - partial Mayo score was assessed at weeks 2, 4, 6. Our focus is primarily on induction trials (typically 6-8 weeks long), and we will not be analyzing outcomes at later time points, so frequency or interval of long-term follow-up would have limited relevance.

Narrative Summary: Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha therapy remains the cornerstone of management of patients with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). With availability of other non-TNF-biologic and small molecule options, speed of drug onset has become an important consideration for selecting a biologic agent. In this study, we will evaluate the speed of action of infliximab (IFX) and golimumab (GOL) for induction of remission and response in patients with moderate-severe UC, through analyses of late stage (Phase III), placebo-controlled trials of IFX and GOL in UC. We have previously evaluated speed of onset of action for vedolizumab and tofacitinib.

Project Timeline: Once study is approved and data access provided (assuming by May 2018), our key milestones dates are:
o Project start date: June 1, 2018
o Analysis completion date: August 31, 2018
o Manuscript drafted: October 30, 2018
o Manuscript submitted for publication: November 30, 2018
o Date results reported back to YODA: November 30, 2018

Dissemination Plan: We anticipate generation of one manuscript from this project. The target audience would be clinical gastroenterologists. Potentially suitable journals for this manuscript would be: American Journal of Gastroenterology, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alimentary pharmacology and Therapeutics or Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Bibliography:

1. Rutgeerts P, Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, et al. Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 8;353(23):2462-76.
2. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Marano C, et al. Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan;146(1):85-95