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  ["project_date_type"]=>
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  ["property_scientific_abstract"]=>
  string(1246) "Background:  Tumor Necrosis Factor inhibitors (TNFi) are second line treatments for patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).  In randomized controlled trials (RCT), less than one-half of patients achieved a major response or clinical remission.  The clinical features that may predict a favorable response to TNFi in patients with active AS is not known.
Objective: To identify clinical features that predict a favorable response to TNFi in patients with active AS, in the form of a probability score.
Study Design: This is an ad hoc study of RCTs of TNFi in patients with AS. We will request individual patient data (IPD) from trial sponsors and/or principal investigators, and aggregate all available IPD for statistical analysis.
Participants: Patients who fulfill modified New York criteria for AS, and enrolled in a double blinded RCT with at least one arm that assessed the efficacy of TNFi, at 12 weeks and 24 weeks, including adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, and biosimilar TNFi.
Main Outcome Measures: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) major response (improvement > 2.0) vs. clinically important response (change between 1.1 ? 2.0) vs. no response (change" ["project_brief_bg"]=> string(858) "Tumor Necrosis Factor inhibitors (TNFi) have been widely used as the second line treatment for patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) despite treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In our previous systematic review of randomized control trials of TNFi in patients with AS, about half of the participants (39.% to 58.9%) achieved ASAS40 at week 24, an indicator of major response. It remains unclear what clinical features will predict a favorable response to TNFi. In clinical practice, both patients and clinicians are interested to know, how likely an individual patient will achieve remission after initiating TNFi therapy. The goal of our study is to investigate the predictive value of baseline clinical features for achieving a major response in the form of probability score that can be used directly in clinical practice." ["project_specific_aims"]=> string(239) "Aim 1. To investigate the predictive value of baseline clinical features for achieving a major response at week 24.
Aim 2. To investigate the predictive value of baseline clinical features for achieving a major response at week 12." ["project_study_design"]=> string(0) "" ["project_study_design_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_purposes"]=> array(3) { [0]=> array(2) { ["value"]=> string(36) "Participant-level data meta-analysis" ["label"]=> string(36) "Participant-level data meta-analysis" } [1]=> array(2) { ["value"]=> string(69) "Meta-analysis using data from the YODA Project and other data sources" ["label"]=> string(69) "Meta-analysis using data from the YODA Project and other data sources" } [2]=> array(2) { ["value"]=> string(50) "Research on clinical prediction or risk prediction" ["label"]=> string(50) "Research on clinical prediction or risk prediction" } } ["project_purposes_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_software_used"]=> array(2) { ["value"]=> string(1) "R" ["label"]=> string(1) "R" } ["project_software_used_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_research_methods"]=> string(592) "Data Source:
Data from double-blinded, randomized trials in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis with at least one arm assessing TNFi efficacy at week 12 and/or week 24.
Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria:
Inclusion criteria:
? Patients with ankylosing spondylitis by modified New York Criteria
? Age ? 18
? Received one of TNFi originator or biosimilar in a randomized, double-blind trial, that is registered at clinicaltrial.gov and have published trial results.
Exclusion criteria:
? Patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis" ["project_main_outcome_measure"]=> string(593) "Patients who achieved major response, defined as change of Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) more than 2.0
vs. who achieved clinically important response, defined as change of ASDAS 1.1 ? 2.0
vs. who had no response, defined as change of ASDAS less than 1.1 at 24 weeks
Alternatively, we will use: a) ankylosing spondylitis assessment 40% (ASAS40) as an indicator for major response, ASAS20 as an indicator for clinically important response, and not achieving ASAS40 or ASAS20 as no response; b) presence or absence of partial remission at 12 or 24 weeks." ["project_main_predictor_indep"]=> string(227) "? Demographics: Age, Sex, smoking (current, past, never), Body Mass Index
? SpA related features: Disease Duration, Spondyloarthritis-associated diagnoses
? Labs: HLA-B27 status, CRP, ESR
? Concomitant therapy" ["project_other_variables_interest"]=> string(628) "Complete List of Variables
? Demographics: Age, Sex, ethnicity, country of origin,
? Co-existing conditions: smoking, BMI, co-morbidities (eg osteoporosis, heart disease)
? Spondyloarthritis- related features: Disease Duration, Back pain duration, SpA associated diagnoses, total hip arthroplasty
? Labs and disease activity scores: HLA-B27 status, baseline Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) (in individual scores), Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) (in individual scores), patient global assessment, CRP, ESR
? X ray reading
? Concomitant therapy
? Prior exposure/response to TNFi" ["project_stat_analysis_plan"]=> string(599) "We will use descriptive analysis to summarize the data.
We will group the participants into major response vs. clinically important response vs. no response based on the change of ASDAS at week 24, and perform classification tree analysis using the variables listed in the Main Predictor/independent variable section to identify predictors for a major response at week 24. A similar analysis will be performed for response at week 12. We plan to perform a sensitivity analysis using ASAS40, ASAS20 as indicator for major response and clinically important response, and for partial remission." ["project_timeline"]=> string(199) "Anticipated project start date: 07/01/2019
Analysis completion date: 12/31/2019
Manuscript Draft: 01/2020
Manuscript Submission: spring 2020
Results report back to YODA: 2020" ["project_dissemination_plan"]=> string(245) "Manuscript(s) published in a peer-reviewed journal. Target audience are practicing rheumatologists and clinical researchers. Potential suitable journals include Arthritis Rheumatology, Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, and Journal of Rheumatology." ["project_bibliography"]=> string(1246) "

1. Wang R, Dasgupta A, Ward MM. Comparative Efficacy of Tumor Necrosis Factor-? Inhibitors in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Metaanalysis. J Rheumatol. 2018 Jan 15;
2. Inman RD, Davis JC, Heijde DVD, Diekman L, Sieper J, Kim SI, et al. Efficacy and safety of golimumab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Nov;58(11):3402?12.
3. van der Heijde D, Dijkmans B, Geusens P, Sieper J, DeWoody K, Williamson P, et al. Efficacy and safety of infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (ASSERT). Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Feb;52(2):582?91.
4. Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J, Zink A, Alten R, Golder W, et al. Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomised controlled multicentre trial. The Lancet. 2002;359(9313):1187?1193.
5. Bao C, Huang F, Khan MA, Fei K, Wu Z, Han C, et al. Safety and efficacy of golimumab in Chinese patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: 1-year results of a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Rheumatology. 2014 Sep 1;53(9):1654?63.

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2019-3893

Research Proposal

Project Title: Predicting Treatment Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Scientific Abstract: Background: Tumor Necrosis Factor inhibitors (TNFi) are second line treatments for patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In randomized controlled trials (RCT), less than one-half of patients achieved a major response or clinical remission. The clinical features that may predict a favorable response to TNFi in patients with active AS is not known.
Objective: To identify clinical features that predict a favorable response to TNFi in patients with active AS, in the form of a probability score.
Study Design: This is an ad hoc study of RCTs of TNFi in patients with AS. We will request individual patient data (IPD) from trial sponsors and/or principal investigators, and aggregate all available IPD for statistical analysis.
Participants: Patients who fulfill modified New York criteria for AS, and enrolled in a double blinded RCT with at least one arm that assessed the efficacy of TNFi, at 12 weeks and 24 weeks, including adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, and biosimilar TNFi.
Main Outcome Measures: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) major response (improvement > 2.0) vs. clinically important response (change between 1.1 ? 2.0) vs. no response (change

Brief Project Background and Statement of Project Significance: Tumor Necrosis Factor inhibitors (TNFi) have been widely used as the second line treatment for patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) despite treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In our previous systematic review of randomized control trials of TNFi in patients with AS, about half of the participants (39.% to 58.9%) achieved ASAS40 at week 24, an indicator of major response. It remains unclear what clinical features will predict a favorable response to TNFi. In clinical practice, both patients and clinicians are interested to know, how likely an individual patient will achieve remission after initiating TNFi therapy. The goal of our study is to investigate the predictive value of baseline clinical features for achieving a major response in the form of probability score that can be used directly in clinical practice.

Specific Aims of the Project: Aim 1. To investigate the predictive value of baseline clinical features for achieving a major response at week 24.
Aim 2. To investigate the predictive value of baseline clinical features for achieving a major response at week 12.

Study Design:

What is the purpose of the analysis being proposed? Please select all that apply.: Participant-level data meta-analysis Meta-analysis using data from the YODA Project and other data sources Research on clinical prediction or risk prediction

Software Used: R

Data Source and Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria to be used to define the patient sample for your study: Data Source:
Data from double-blinded, randomized trials in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis with at least one arm assessing TNFi efficacy at week 12 and/or week 24.
Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria:
Inclusion criteria:
? Patients with ankylosing spondylitis by modified New York Criteria
? Age ? 18
? Received one of TNFi originator or biosimilar in a randomized, double-blind trial, that is registered at clinicaltrial.gov and have published trial results.
Exclusion criteria:
? Patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis

Primary and Secondary Outcome Measure(s) and how they will be categorized/defined for your study: Patients who achieved major response, defined as change of Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) more than 2.0
vs. who achieved clinically important response, defined as change of ASDAS 1.1 ? 2.0
vs. who had no response, defined as change of ASDAS less than 1.1 at 24 weeks
Alternatively, we will use: a) ankylosing spondylitis assessment 40% (ASAS40) as an indicator for major response, ASAS20 as an indicator for clinically important response, and not achieving ASAS40 or ASAS20 as no response; b) presence or absence of partial remission at 12 or 24 weeks.

Main Predictor/Independent Variable and how it will be categorized/defined for your study: ? Demographics: Age, Sex, smoking (current, past, never), Body Mass Index
? SpA related features: Disease Duration, Spondyloarthritis-associated diagnoses
? Labs: HLA-B27 status, CRP, ESR
? Concomitant therapy

Other Variables of Interest that will be used in your analysis and how they will be categorized/defined for your study: Complete List of Variables
? Demographics: Age, Sex, ethnicity, country of origin,
? Co-existing conditions: smoking, BMI, co-morbidities (eg osteoporosis, heart disease)
? Spondyloarthritis- related features: Disease Duration, Back pain duration, SpA associated diagnoses, total hip arthroplasty
? Labs and disease activity scores: HLA-B27 status, baseline Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) (in individual scores), Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) (in individual scores), patient global assessment, CRP, ESR
? X ray reading
? Concomitant therapy
? Prior exposure/response to TNFi

Statistical Analysis Plan: We will use descriptive analysis to summarize the data.
We will group the participants into major response vs. clinically important response vs. no response based on the change of ASDAS at week 24, and perform classification tree analysis using the variables listed in the Main Predictor/independent variable section to identify predictors for a major response at week 24. A similar analysis will be performed for response at week 12. We plan to perform a sensitivity analysis using ASAS40, ASAS20 as indicator for major response and clinically important response, and for partial remission.

Narrative Summary: Tumor Necrosis Factor inhibitors (TNFi) are the second line treatment for patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In randomized control trials, only half of the patients achieved a major response or clinical remission. In clinical practice, patients and providers are interested to know, how likely a patient will achieve a major response to TNFi when initiating the therapy. So the goal of this study is to investigate clinical features that predict favorable response to TNFi therapy, and to provide a probability of having a major response in individual patients.

Project Timeline: Anticipated project start date: 07/01/2019
Analysis completion date: 12/31/2019
Manuscript Draft: 01/2020
Manuscript Submission: spring 2020
Results report back to YODA: 2020

Dissemination Plan: Manuscript(s) published in a peer-reviewed journal. Target audience are practicing rheumatologists and clinical researchers. Potential suitable journals include Arthritis Rheumatology, Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, and Journal of Rheumatology.

Bibliography:

1. Wang R, Dasgupta A, Ward MM. Comparative Efficacy of Tumor Necrosis Factor-? Inhibitors in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Metaanalysis. J Rheumatol. 2018 Jan 15;
2. Inman RD, Davis JC, Heijde DVD, Diekman L, Sieper J, Kim SI, et al. Efficacy and safety of golimumab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Nov;58(11):3402?12.
3. van der Heijde D, Dijkmans B, Geusens P, Sieper J, DeWoody K, Williamson P, et al. Efficacy and safety of infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (ASSERT). Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Feb;52(2):582?91.
4. Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J, Zink A, Alten R, Golder W, et al. Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomised controlled multicentre trial. The Lancet. 2002;359(9313):1187?1193.
5. Bao C, Huang F, Khan MA, Fei K, Wu Z, Han C, et al. Safety and efficacy of golimumab in Chinese patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: 1-year results of a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Rheumatology. 2014 Sep 1;53(9):1654?63.