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  string(127) "Long term risk for relapse in patients suffering from schizophrenia randomized to oral placebo - A historical prospective study"
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  string(407) "This study will assess relapse rates in schizophrenia patients who are enrolled in maintenance trials which compare antipsychotic drugs to placebo. It is hypothesized that patients with moderate to severe negative symptoms and low scores on PANSS items measuring agitation/cooperativeness have reduced risk to exacerbate when randomized to placebo compared to the rest of the patients randomized to placebo."
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      string(6) "Weiser"
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      ["p_pers_pr_affil"]=>
      string(60) "Dept. of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel"
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      string(5) "Asper"
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      string(60) "Dept. of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel"
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      ["post_title"]=>
      string(223) "NCT00086320 - A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study With an Open-label Extension Evaluating Paliperidone Extended Release Tablets in the Prevention of Recurrence in Subjects With Schizophrenia"
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      ["post_title"]=>
      string(182) "NCT01662310 - Paliperidone Extended Release Tablets for the Prevention of Relapse in Subjects With Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study"
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  ["project_date_type"]=>
  string(91) "Individual Participant-Level Data, which includes Full CSR and all supporting documentation"
  ["property_scientific_abstract"]=>
  string(2140) "Background

 Most schizophrenia patients are prescribed antipsychotics to maintain remission of positive symptoms, hence, to reduce the risk of relapse. Depending on the specific study, relapse rates of patients randomized to placebo varies between 30% and 70% over 9-12 months. To assess whether patient?s risk for relapse differ by clinical characteristics, we intend to extract data from two long-term oral maintenance trials and assess relapse rate and clinical characteristics of patients randomized to placebo. Our hypothesis is that schizophrenia patients with moderate to severe negative symptoms and low scores on items related to agitation/cooperation, will exhibit lower risk for relapse compared to the rest of the patients assigned to placebo.

Objective

Assessing risk of relapse among schizophrenia patients receiving placebo, and determine clinical characteristics predicting relapse versus non-relapse .

Study Design

Historical prospective study.

Participants

Schizophrenia patients who participated in maintenance trials comparing oral antipsychotic drug to placebo.

Main Outcome Measure

Relapse as defined by the original studies.

Statistical Analysis

After defining the independent variables using descriptive statistics, patients receiving placebo will be divided into 2 groups according to their meeting the criteria of: DSM-5 schizophrenia, stable positive and negative symptoms as defined by the study, sum of negative symptoms prior to randomization: score of > 20 on the PANSS negative symptoms subscale (i.e., N-1  , N-2  , N-3  , N-4  , N-5  , N-6    , N-7  ) and ,scores < 4 on PANSS items related to cooperativeness/agitation (i.e., P4  , P6  , P7  , G8   and G14  ).

the cumulative distribution function of time to relapse will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and a 2-sided log-rank test will assess differences between characteristics. Hazards ratio and confidence interval will then be estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. This analysis will be identically performed on both placebo and antipsychotic drugs group."
  ["project_brief_bg"]=>
  string(550) "A substantial percentage of schizophrenia patients appear to suffer from chronic negative symptoms (Millan et al., 2014).   Most patients are prescribed antipsychotics also after a remission of positive symptoms in order to reduce the risk of relapse.

Two clinical studies testing the efficacy of a novel drug that has no antidopaminergic properties in patients with moderate/high negative symptoms, stable positive symptoms and low scores on items related to cooperativeness/agitation reported a rate of psychotic exacerbation over 9-12 months"
  ["project_specific_aims"]=>
  string(176) "The aim of the project is to investigate if particular characteristics of schizophrenia patients lower the risk for psychotic exacerbation on placebo or on antipsychotic drugs."
  ["project_study_design"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["project_study_design_exp"]=>
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  ["project_purposes"]=>
  array(1) {
    [0]=>
    array(2) {
      ["value"]=>
      string(76) "Confirm or validate previously conducted research on treatment effectiveness"
      ["label"]=>
      string(76) "Confirm or validate previously conducted research on treatment effectiveness"
    }
  }
  ["project_purposes_exp"]=>
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  ["project_software_used"]=>
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    ["label"]=>
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  ["project_software_used_exp"]=>
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  ["project_research_methods"]=>
  string(677) "We will include all schizophrenia patients who participated in maintenance trials comparing oral antipsychotic drug to placebo who successfully ended the stabilization phase and were randomized to continue on antipsychotic drug or on placebo. We will then select the patients who at the last assessment before randomization met the following criteria:

?	 Stable positive and negative symptoms as defined by the study

?	Sum of negative symptoms prior to randomization: score of > 20 on the PANSS  i.e., N-1  , N-2  , N-3  , N-4  , N-5  , N-6  , N-7  )

?	Scores < 4 on PANSS items related to cooperativeness/agitation (i.e., P4,   P6  , P7 ,  G8  s, and G14  )."
  ["project_main_outcome_measure"]=>
  string(48) "Relapse rate as defined by the original studies."
  ["project_main_predictor_indep"]=>
  string(266) "Patients will be split into two groups. Those randomized to antipsychotic drug treatment and those randomized to placebo. Within each group, patients will then be split further into two characteristics groups. those who meet the above criterial and those who do not."
  ["project_other_variables_interest"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["project_stat_analysis_plan"]=>
  string(791) "To define our independent variables as mentioned above, we will first detect both study and control groups using descriptive statistics. Using descriptive statistics, we will then identify those patients who meet the above criterial and those who do not. To test our main hypothesis, we will then conduct, using the Kaplan-Meier method, an estimation of the cumulative distribution function of time to relapse, comparing high risk to low risk patients. Characteristics will then be compared using a 2-sided log-rank test. To estimate the hazards ratio and its corresponding 95% confidence interval, a Cox proportional hazards model with characteristics as its covariate.

Lastly, we intend as a secondary aim to conduct identical analysis on the group randomized to antipsychotic drugs."
  ["project_timeline"]=>
  string(385) "?	Anticipated study start date: the analysis will commence as soon as the data becomes available,

?	Analysis completion date: one month after availability of data.

?	date manuscript drafted and first submitted for publication and date results reported back to the YODA Project: We anticipate submitting a manuscript to publication three month after availability of the data"
  ["project_dissemination_plan"]=>
  string(176) "Target audiences include Researchers of schizophrenia and practicing psychiatrists. Manuscript will be potentially suitable for submission to the American Journal of Psychiatry"
  ["project_bibliography"]=>
  string(1295) "
Bobes, J., Arango, C., Garcia-Garcia, M., & Rejas, J. (2009). Prevalence of negative	symptoms in	outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated with antipsychotics in		routine clinical practice: findings from the CLAMORS study. The Journal of clinical	psychiatry, 70(3), 0-0.

Rabinowitz, J., Berardo, C. G., Bugarski-Kirola, D., & Marder, S. (2013). Association of	prominent positive and prominent negative symptoms and functional health,	wellbeing, healthcare-related quality of life and family burden: a CATIE	analysis. Schizophrenia research, 150(2-3), 339-342.

Malaspina, D., Walsh-Messinger, J., Gaebel, W., Smith, L. M., Gorun, A., Prudent, V., …	&	Trmeau, F. (2014). Negative symptoms, past and present: a historical	perspective	and moving to DSM-5. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 24(5), 710-724.

Kirkpatrick, B. (2014). Recognizing primary vs secondary negative symptoms and	apathy vs	expression domains. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 75(4), 0-0.

Millan, M. J., Fone, K., Steckler, T., & Horan, W. P. (2014). Negative symptoms of	schizophrenia:	clinical characteristics, pathophysiological substrates, experimental models and	prospects for improved treatment. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 24(5), 645	692.
"
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data partner
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pi country
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pi affil
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products
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num of trials
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res
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