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  ["property_scientific_abstract"]=>
  string(1167) "Background: Over 1/3rd of adults in the US are obese, and its prevalence is high in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It is unclear how obesity may modify IBD outcomes and response to therapy
Objective: To evaluate the effect of obesity, measured using body mass index (BMI), on IBD outcomes and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-? therapy.
Study Design: Individual participant level pooled analysis of RCTs of infliximab (IFX) and golimumab (GLM) in patients with UC and CD
Participants: Patients enrolled in phase III RCTs of IFX or GLM in moderate-severe UC and CD, receiving either placebo (impact of obesity on disease outcomes, in absence of intervention) or active agent (impact of obesity on response to biologic therapy)
Main Outcome Measures: Clinical remission/response and biochemical remission (mucosal healing for UC)
Statistical Analysis: We will pool data of patients in placebo arms (impact of obesity on IBD outcomes) and of patients in active agent arms (IFX/GLM separately, impact of obesity on response to biologic therapy), to analyze outcomes, stratified by BMI at time of enrollment (low" ["project_brief_bg"]=> string(2759) "Obesity is a growing epidemic; currently, over 34% adults and 16% adolescents in the United States are obese.1 Obesity denotes a state of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, and contributes to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancers including gastrointestinal cancers.2 Inflammatory bowel diseases, a group of autoimmune diseases of unclear etiology, affect over 1.6 million Americans , with a rising incidence.3,4 About 18-30% of IBD patients are obese,5,6 and there is increasing evidence that mesenteric fat contributes to IBD pathogenesis by inducing a chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation.7 Though obesity might increase the risk of developing IBD,8 it is unclear how obesity may modify the course of IBD, with retrospective observational studies having conflicting results.6,9 Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to impact response to biologic therapy through alterations in pharmacokinetics, a key treatment strategy for patients suffering from severe IBD, and hence, concerns arise that obesity among IBD patients may represent a blunt response to emerging biologics.10
The overall objective of this proposal is to understand how obesity modifies the clinical course and treatment response in patients with moderate-severe IBD. Our central hypothesis is that obesity portends a worse prognosis in adults with IBD, as compared to normal BMI individuals, with complicated disease course and poor treatment response to biologic agents. The long-term goal of our program is to identify modifiable predictors of disease course and response to therapy, to improve long-term prognosis in patients with IBD. The significance of this work lies in comprehensively assessing how obesity may modify clinical course and treatment response to anti-TNF therapy in IBD, using a novel, innovative approach through post-hoc analyses of robust, late-stage clinical trials in IBD. The information generated through this study would be invaluable to inform both science and patient care. From a scientific perspective, it will advance understanding of IBD pathophysiology, offering potential clues into role of mesenteric fat, adipocytokines and gastrointestinal hormones in IBD pathogenesis as well as pharmacokinetics of biologic therapy. From a clinical perspective, information generated from this study on treatment response to biologic therapy, will be generalizable and directly applicable to patient care offering potential for personalized therapy based on body habitus, while simultaneously enhancing design of future clinical trials. It may enable an innovative therapeutic approach to IBD management by targeting obesity through lifestyle modification, pharmacological and/or endoscopic weight loss procedures, to modify IBD outcomes." ["project_specific_aims"]=> string(1293) "Specific aim #1: To compare IBD outcomes across strata of BMI (class II/III obesity, class I obesity, overweight vs. normal BMI; low vs. normal BMI), in post-hoc analysis of phase III RCTs of IFX and GLM in IBD.
Hypothesis: Obese patients will have worse disease outcomes (lower rates of clinical and biochemical remission) as compared to normal BMI individuals with similar baseline disease activity, after adjusting for variations in baseline inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin in GLM trials), interventions (immunomodulator and/or steroid use) and known clinical prognostic factors.
Specific aim #2: To compare treatment response to fixed dose (GLM) and weight-based (IFX) biologic therapy across strata of BMI (class II/III obesity, class I obesity, overweight vs. normal BMI, low vs. normal BMI) in patients with IBD, in post-hoc analysis of phase III RCTs of IFX and GLM in IBD.
Hypothesis: Obese patients will have inferior response (lower rates of clinical and biochemical remission), as compared to normal BMI individuals, to GLM and IFX, after adjusting for variations in baseline disease activity (CRP, FC), co-interventions (concomitant immunomodulators), factors known to influence pharmacokinetics (sex, albumin) and serum drug level." ["project_study_design"]=> string(0) "" ["project_study_design_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_purposes"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(2) { ["value"]=> string(114) "New research question to examine treatment effectiveness on secondary endpoints and/or within subgroup populations" ["label"]=> string(114) "New research question to examine treatment effectiveness on secondary endpoints and/or within subgroup populations" } } ["project_purposes_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_software_used"]=> string(0) "" ["project_software_used_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_research_methods"]=> string(1183) "Data sources:
? Trials of golimumab in ulcerative colitis (NCT00487539)
? Trial of infliximab in ulcerative colitis (NCT00036439, NCT00096655, NCT00336492, NCT00537316)
? Trials of infliximab in Crohn?s disease (NCT00207662, NCT00207675, NCT00207766, NCT00004941, NCT00094458)
Inclusion criteria:
? Patients (adults or pediatric) with moderate-severe ulcerative colitis (defined as Mayo Clinic score [MCS] of 6 to 12 points, with an endoscopic sub-score of 2 or 3) or Crohn?s disease (defined as Crohn?s Disease Activity Index [CDAI] score >200 but less then 450, for adults; defined as pediatric CDAI (PCDAI) >30, for children)
? Treated with infliximab or golimumab or placebo for induction and/or maintenance
? Recorded body weight at time of enrollment (if height is available, then BMI can be estimated; however, if height is not recorded, then data would be analyzed based on body weight divided into quartiles)
Exclusion criteria
? Lack of information on body weight at time of enrollment
? Patients lost to follow-up or did not participate in trial after randomization (without receiving any dose of the medication)" ["project_main_outcome_measure"]=> string(478) "For ulcerative colitis trials
o Primary outcome ? clinical remission (MCS?2, with no individual sub-score exceeding 1) after induction therapy (4-12 weeks) or after maintenance therapy (week 24-60)
o Secondary outcomes ? clinical response (decrease in MCS by ?3 points and 30%, with decrease in the rectal bleeding sub-score by ?1 point, or an absolute sub-score of 0 or 1); mucosal healing (absolute endoscopy sub-score on MCS of 0 or 1); biochemical remission (CRP" ["project_main_predictor_indep"]=> string(220) "Main predictor/independent variable will be body mass index (BMI) at baseline (to be estimated from weight and height at study enrollment), and this would be categorized into WHO-defined obesity categories ? low BMI (BMI" ["project_other_variables_interest"]=> string(162) "Key confounding variables of interest in our study are:
o Biochemical measures of disease severity ? baseline C-reactive protein as a categorical variable (" ["project_stat_analysis_plan"]=> string(2166) "Descriptive analysis: We will report proportions to present distribution of demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of participants stratified by baseline BMI, in both active agent and placebo arm of RCTs, and calculate differences between groups using chi-square tests.
Univariate analysis: To assess how obesity may modify IBD disease activity/outcome, we will pool data from placebo-arms of all included trials. We will estimate whether baseline BMI influences IBD disease course by comparing proportion of patients achieving primary outcome (clinical remission) and secondary outcomes (clinical response, biochemical remission and mucosal healing) to induction and maintenance therapy in each strata of BMI using chi-square test. Similarly, to analyze impact of obesity on response to anti-TNF therapy, we will pool data from active agent arms of all included trials. In this, we will estimate whether BMI influences response to therapy by comparing proportion of patients achieving primary and secondary outcomes by baseline BMI category; IFX and GLM trials will be analyzed separately.
Multivariable analysis: To evaluate the impact of obesity independently on outcomes and response to therapy in IBD, we will perform logistic regression analysis after adjusting for key a priori identified confounders including baseline disease activity (CRP, fecal calprotectin), co-interventions (concomitant immunomodulators), factors known to influence pharmacokinetics (sex, albumin) and serum drug level.
ADDENDUM: Feb 16, 2017
We will also be performing a similar analysis, evaluating the impact of obesity on response to vedolizumab and certolizumab pegol with individual participant level data for trials in IBD (available from https://clinicalstudydatarequest.com). We propose to download summary level data from both YODA and CSDR. Given similar study design, all of these summary data will be analyzed together (clustered by trial, and stratified by drug and disease type). This is not a comparative analysis. This will help us comprehensively understand impact of obesity on natural history and response to biologic therapy." ["project_timeline"]=> string(356) "Once study is approved and data access provided (assuming by December 2015), our key milestones dates are:
o Project start date: January 1, 2015
o Analysis completion date: March 31, 2016
o Manuscript drafted: May 31, 2016
o Manuscript submitted for publication: July 1, 2016
o Date results reported back to YODA: July 1, 2016" ["project_dissemination_plan"]=> string(545) "We anticipate generation of at least 2 manuscripts from this project ? one related to impact of obesity on IBD disease course (using placebo arms of included trials), and other related to impact of obesity on treatment outcome (using active arms of included trials). The target audience would be clinical gastroenterologists as well as physician-scientists with interest in IBD and/or obesity. Potentially suitable journals for these manuscripts would be: Gastroenterology, Gut, American Journal of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases." ["project_bibliography"]=> string(1552) "

1. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA 2014;311:806-14
2. Shulman GI. Ectopic fat in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiometabolic disease. N Engl J Med 2014;371:1131-41
3. Ords I, Eckmann L, Talamini M, Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet 2012;380:1606-19
4. Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ. Crohn’s disease. Lancet 2012;380:1590-605
5. Steed H, Walsh S, Reynolds N. A brief report of the epidemiology of obesity in the inflammatory bowel disease population of Tayside, Scotland. Obes Facts 2009;2:370-2
6. Long MD, Crandall WV, Leibowitz IH, et al. Prevalence and epidemiology of overweight and obesity in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17:2162-8
7. Gonalves P, Magro F, Martel F. Metabolic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease: crosstalk between adipose tissue and bowel. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015;21:453-67
8. Khalili H , Ananthakrishnan AN, Konijeti GG, et al. Measures of obesity and risk of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015?21:361-8
9. Seminerio JL, Koutroubakis IE, Ramos-Rivers C, et al. Impact of Obesity on the Management and Clinical Course of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; doi:10.1097
10. Ords I, Feagan BG, Sandborn WJ. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tumor necrosis factor antagonists in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;10:1079-87

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["url"]=> string(44) "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29867171" ["target"]=> string(6) "_blank" } ["search_order"]=> string(5) "-9270" } data partner
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pi country
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pi affil
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products
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2015-0612

General Information

How did you learn about the YODA Project?: Scientific Publication

Conflict of Interest

Request Clinical Trials

Associated Trial(s):
  1. NCT00036439 - A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis
  2. NCT00096655 - A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis
  3. NCT00207675 - A Randomized, Multicenter, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Anti-TNF a Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody (Infliximab, REMICADE) in Pediatric Subjects With Moderate to Severe CROHN'S Disease
  4. NCT00336492 - A Phase 3, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab (REMICADE) in Pediatric Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis
  5. NCT00487539 - A Phase 2/3 Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Golimumab Induction Therapy, Administered Subcutaneously, in Subjects with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis
  6. NCT00207662 - ACCENT I - A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Anti-TNFa Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody (Infliximab, Remicade) in the Long-term Treatment of Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease
  7. NCT00207766 - ACCENT II - A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Anti-TNF Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody (Infliximab, Remicade) in the Long Term Treatment of Patients With Fistulizing CROHN'S Disease
  8. NCT00537316 - Efficacy & Safety of Infliximab Monotherapy Vs Combination Therapy Vs AZA Monotherapy in Ulcerative Colitis (Part 1) Maintenance Vs Intermittent Therapy for Maintaining Remission (Part 2)
  9. NCT01551290 - A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab in Chinese Subjects With Active Ulcerative Colitis
  10. NCT00771667 - A Phase 2b, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ustekinumab Therapy in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease Previously Treated With TNF Antagonist Therapy
  11. NCT01369329 - A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ustekinumab Induction Therapy in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease Who Have Failed or Are Intolerant to TNF Antagonist Therapy (UNITI-1)
  12. NCT01369342 - A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ustekinumab Induction Therapy in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease (UNITI-2)
  13. NCT00488631 - A Phase 3 Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Golimumab Maintenance Therapy, Administered Subcutaneously, in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis
  14. NCT01369355 - A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ustekinumab Maintenance Therapy in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease
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Research Proposal

Project Title: Impact of Obesity on Disease Course and Response to Biologic Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Post-Hoc Analysis of RCTs

Scientific Abstract: Background: Over 1/3rd of adults in the US are obese, and its prevalence is high in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It is unclear how obesity may modify IBD outcomes and response to therapy
Objective: To evaluate the effect of obesity, measured using body mass index (BMI), on IBD outcomes and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-? therapy.
Study Design: Individual participant level pooled analysis of RCTs of infliximab (IFX) and golimumab (GLM) in patients with UC and CD
Participants: Patients enrolled in phase III RCTs of IFX or GLM in moderate-severe UC and CD, receiving either placebo (impact of obesity on disease outcomes, in absence of intervention) or active agent (impact of obesity on response to biologic therapy)
Main Outcome Measures: Clinical remission/response and biochemical remission (mucosal healing for UC)
Statistical Analysis: We will pool data of patients in placebo arms (impact of obesity on IBD outcomes) and of patients in active agent arms (IFX/GLM separately, impact of obesity on response to biologic therapy), to analyze outcomes, stratified by BMI at time of enrollment (low

Brief Project Background and Statement of Project Significance: Obesity is a growing epidemic; currently, over 34% adults and 16% adolescents in the United States are obese.1 Obesity denotes a state of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, and contributes to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancers including gastrointestinal cancers.2 Inflammatory bowel diseases, a group of autoimmune diseases of unclear etiology, affect over 1.6 million Americans , with a rising incidence.3,4 About 18-30% of IBD patients are obese,5,6 and there is increasing evidence that mesenteric fat contributes to IBD pathogenesis by inducing a chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation.7 Though obesity might increase the risk of developing IBD,8 it is unclear how obesity may modify the course of IBD, with retrospective observational studies having conflicting results.6,9 Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to impact response to biologic therapy through alterations in pharmacokinetics, a key treatment strategy for patients suffering from severe IBD, and hence, concerns arise that obesity among IBD patients may represent a blunt response to emerging biologics.10
The overall objective of this proposal is to understand how obesity modifies the clinical course and treatment response in patients with moderate-severe IBD. Our central hypothesis is that obesity portends a worse prognosis in adults with IBD, as compared to normal BMI individuals, with complicated disease course and poor treatment response to biologic agents. The long-term goal of our program is to identify modifiable predictors of disease course and response to therapy, to improve long-term prognosis in patients with IBD. The significance of this work lies in comprehensively assessing how obesity may modify clinical course and treatment response to anti-TNF therapy in IBD, using a novel, innovative approach through post-hoc analyses of robust, late-stage clinical trials in IBD. The information generated through this study would be invaluable to inform both science and patient care. From a scientific perspective, it will advance understanding of IBD pathophysiology, offering potential clues into role of mesenteric fat, adipocytokines and gastrointestinal hormones in IBD pathogenesis as well as pharmacokinetics of biologic therapy. From a clinical perspective, information generated from this study on treatment response to biologic therapy, will be generalizable and directly applicable to patient care offering potential for personalized therapy based on body habitus, while simultaneously enhancing design of future clinical trials. It may enable an innovative therapeutic approach to IBD management by targeting obesity through lifestyle modification, pharmacological and/or endoscopic weight loss procedures, to modify IBD outcomes.

Specific Aims of the Project: Specific aim #1: To compare IBD outcomes across strata of BMI (class II/III obesity, class I obesity, overweight vs. normal BMI; low vs. normal BMI), in post-hoc analysis of phase III RCTs of IFX and GLM in IBD.
Hypothesis: Obese patients will have worse disease outcomes (lower rates of clinical and biochemical remission) as compared to normal BMI individuals with similar baseline disease activity, after adjusting for variations in baseline inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin in GLM trials), interventions (immunomodulator and/or steroid use) and known clinical prognostic factors.
Specific aim #2: To compare treatment response to fixed dose (GLM) and weight-based (IFX) biologic therapy across strata of BMI (class II/III obesity, class I obesity, overweight vs. normal BMI, low vs. normal BMI) in patients with IBD, in post-hoc analysis of phase III RCTs of IFX and GLM in IBD.
Hypothesis: Obese patients will have inferior response (lower rates of clinical and biochemical remission), as compared to normal BMI individuals, to GLM and IFX, after adjusting for variations in baseline disease activity (CRP, FC), co-interventions (concomitant immunomodulators), factors known to influence pharmacokinetics (sex, albumin) and serum drug level.

Study Design:

What is the purpose of the analysis being proposed? Please select all that apply.: New research question to examine treatment effectiveness on secondary endpoints and/or within subgroup populations

Software Used:

Data Source and Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria to be used to define the patient sample for your study: Data sources:
? Trials of golimumab in ulcerative colitis (NCT00487539)
? Trial of infliximab in ulcerative colitis (NCT00036439, NCT00096655, NCT00336492, NCT00537316)
? Trials of infliximab in Crohn?s disease (NCT00207662, NCT00207675, NCT00207766, NCT00004941, NCT00094458)
Inclusion criteria:
? Patients (adults or pediatric) with moderate-severe ulcerative colitis (defined as Mayo Clinic score [MCS] of 6 to 12 points, with an endoscopic sub-score of 2 or 3) or Crohn?s disease (defined as Crohn?s Disease Activity Index [CDAI] score >200 but less then 450, for adults; defined as pediatric CDAI (PCDAI) >30, for children)
? Treated with infliximab or golimumab or placebo for induction and/or maintenance
? Recorded body weight at time of enrollment (if height is available, then BMI can be estimated; however, if height is not recorded, then data would be analyzed based on body weight divided into quartiles)
Exclusion criteria
? Lack of information on body weight at time of enrollment
? Patients lost to follow-up or did not participate in trial after randomization (without receiving any dose of the medication)

Primary and Secondary Outcome Measure(s) and how they will be categorized/defined for your study: For ulcerative colitis trials
o Primary outcome ? clinical remission (MCS?2, with no individual sub-score exceeding 1) after induction therapy (4-12 weeks) or after maintenance therapy (week 24-60)
o Secondary outcomes ? clinical response (decrease in MCS by ?3 points and 30%, with decrease in the rectal bleeding sub-score by ?1 point, or an absolute sub-score of 0 or 1); mucosal healing (absolute endoscopy sub-score on MCS of 0 or 1); biochemical remission (CRP

Main Predictor/Independent Variable and how it will be categorized/defined for your study: Main predictor/independent variable will be body mass index (BMI) at baseline (to be estimated from weight and height at study enrollment), and this would be categorized into WHO-defined obesity categories ? low BMI (BMI

Other Variables of Interest that will be used in your analysis and how they will be categorized/defined for your study: Key confounding variables of interest in our study are:
o Biochemical measures of disease severity ? baseline C-reactive protein as a categorical variable (

Statistical Analysis Plan: Descriptive analysis: We will report proportions to present distribution of demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of participants stratified by baseline BMI, in both active agent and placebo arm of RCTs, and calculate differences between groups using chi-square tests.
Univariate analysis: To assess how obesity may modify IBD disease activity/outcome, we will pool data from placebo-arms of all included trials. We will estimate whether baseline BMI influences IBD disease course by comparing proportion of patients achieving primary outcome (clinical remission) and secondary outcomes (clinical response, biochemical remission and mucosal healing) to induction and maintenance therapy in each strata of BMI using chi-square test. Similarly, to analyze impact of obesity on response to anti-TNF therapy, we will pool data from active agent arms of all included trials. In this, we will estimate whether BMI influences response to therapy by comparing proportion of patients achieving primary and secondary outcomes by baseline BMI category; IFX and GLM trials will be analyzed separately.
Multivariable analysis: To evaluate the impact of obesity independently on outcomes and response to therapy in IBD, we will perform logistic regression analysis after adjusting for key a priori identified confounders including baseline disease activity (CRP, fecal calprotectin), co-interventions (concomitant immunomodulators), factors known to influence pharmacokinetics (sex, albumin) and serum drug level.
ADDENDUM: Feb 16, 2017
We will also be performing a similar analysis, evaluating the impact of obesity on response to vedolizumab and certolizumab pegol with individual participant level data for trials in IBD (available from https://clinicalstudydatarequest.com). We propose to download summary level data from both YODA and CSDR. Given similar study design, all of these summary data will be analyzed together (clustered by trial, and stratified by drug and disease type). This is not a comparative analysis. This will help us comprehensively understand impact of obesity on natural history and response to biologic therapy.

Narrative Summary: Over 1/3rd of adults in the United States are obese. Fat releases toxins that can cause several diseases like diabetes and heart disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases are autoimmune diseases, affecting over 1.6 million Americans. The bowels are richly surrounded by fat, which plays a part in causing disease. We will evaluate the impact of obesity on IBD disease outcomes and response to therapy, through analyses of late stage (Phase III), placebo-controlled trials of infliximab and golimumab in IBD. This will advance understanding of factors that influence disease course of IBD, and results will be directly applicable to patient care, offering potential for personalized therapy.

Project Timeline: Once study is approved and data access provided (assuming by December 2015), our key milestones dates are:
o Project start date: January 1, 2015
o Analysis completion date: March 31, 2016
o Manuscript drafted: May 31, 2016
o Manuscript submitted for publication: July 1, 2016
o Date results reported back to YODA: July 1, 2016

Dissemination Plan: We anticipate generation of at least 2 manuscripts from this project ? one related to impact of obesity on IBD disease course (using placebo arms of included trials), and other related to impact of obesity on treatment outcome (using active arms of included trials). The target audience would be clinical gastroenterologists as well as physician-scientists with interest in IBD and/or obesity. Potentially suitable journals for these manuscripts would be: Gastroenterology, Gut, American Journal of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Bibliography:

1. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA 2014;311:806-14
2. Shulman GI. Ectopic fat in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiometabolic disease. N Engl J Med 2014;371:1131-41
3. Ords I, Eckmann L, Talamini M, Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet 2012;380:1606-19
4. Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ. Crohn’s disease. Lancet 2012;380:1590-605
5. Steed H, Walsh S, Reynolds N. A brief report of the epidemiology of obesity in the inflammatory bowel disease population of Tayside, Scotland. Obes Facts 2009;2:370-2
6. Long MD, Crandall WV, Leibowitz IH, et al. Prevalence and epidemiology of overweight and obesity in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17:2162-8
7. Gonalves P, Magro F, Martel F. Metabolic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease: crosstalk between adipose tissue and bowel. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015;21:453-67
8. Khalili H , Ananthakrishnan AN, Konijeti GG, et al. Measures of obesity and risk of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015?21:361-8
9. Seminerio JL, Koutroubakis IE, Ramos-Rivers C, et al. Impact of Obesity on the Management and Clinical Course of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; doi:10.1097
10. Ords I, Feagan BG, Sandborn WJ. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tumor necrosis factor antagonists in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;10:1079-87