array(41) {
  ["project_title"]=>
  string(123) "Comparative efficacy of biologics in resolving extraintestinal manifestations of IBD: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
  ["project_narrative_summary"]=>
  string(643) "Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are relatively common in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several observational studies have reported the prevalence of at least one EIM to be around 6 ? 47% among patients with IBD. More importantly, EIMs have been demonstrated to affect the quality of life of these patients and can even be associated with more comorbidity than the bowel disease itself. Numerous clinical trials have shown that biologics are  effective in inducing and maintaining remission of bowel inflammation, but the comparative efficacy of currently available biologics in resolving EIMs remains unknown."
  ["project_learn_source"]=>
  string(5) "other"
  ["project_learn_source_exp"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["project_key_personnel"]=>
  array(3) {
    [0]=>
    array(6) {
      ["p_pers_f_name"]=>
      string(8) "David A."
      ["p_pers_l_name"]=>
      string(13) "Muniz Pedrogo"
      ["p_pers_degree"]=>
      string(2) "BS"
      ["p_pers_pr_affil"]=>
      string(11) "Mayo Clinic"
      ["p_pers_scop_id"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["requires_data_access"]=>
      string(0) ""
    }
    [1]=>
    array(6) {
      ["p_pers_f_name"]=>
      string(9) "M. Hassan"
      ["p_pers_l_name"]=>
      string(5) "Murad"
      ["p_pers_degree"]=>
      string(2) "MD"
      ["p_pers_pr_affil"]=>
      string(11) "Mayo Clinic"
      ["p_pers_scop_id"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["requires_data_access"]=>
      string(0) ""
    }
    [2]=>
    array(6) {
      ["p_pers_f_name"]=>
      string(4) "Zhen"
      ["p_pers_l_name"]=>
      string(4) "Wang"
      ["p_pers_degree"]=>
      string(3) "PhD"
      ["p_pers_pr_affil"]=>
      string(11) "Mayo Clinic"
      ["p_pers_scop_id"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["requires_data_access"]=>
      string(0) ""
    }
  }
  ["project_ext_grants"]=>
  array(2) {
    ["value"]=>
    string(68) "No external grants or funds are being used to support this research."
    ["label"]=>
    string(68) "No external grants or funds are being used to support this research."
  }
  ["project_funding_source"]=>
  string(0) ""
  ["project_assoc_trials"]=>
  array(11) {
    [0]=>
    object(WP_Post)#4681 (24) {
      ["ID"]=>
      int(1114)
      ["post_author"]=>
      string(4) "1363"
      ["post_date"]=>
      string(19) "2014-09-22 10:31:00"
      ["post_date_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2014-09-22 10:31:00"
      ["post_content"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_title"]=>
      string(159) "NCT00036439 - A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis"
      ["post_excerpt"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_status"]=>
      string(7) "publish"
      ["comment_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["ping_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["post_password"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_name"]=>
      string(155) "nct00036439-a-randomized-placebo-controlled-double-blind-trial-to-evaluate-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-infliximab-in-patients-with-active-ulcerative-colitis"
      ["to_ping"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pinged"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_modified"]=>
      string(19) "2024-04-22 10:28:16"
      ["post_modified_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2024-04-22 14:28:16"
      ["post_content_filtered"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_parent"]=>
      int(0)
      ["guid"]=>
      string(204) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/clinical-trial/nct00036439-a-randomized-placebo-controlled-double-blind-trial-to-evaluate-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-infliximab-in-patients-with-active-ulcerative-colitis/"
      ["menu_order"]=>
      int(0)
      ["post_type"]=>
      string(14) "clinical_trial"
      ["post_mime_type"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["comment_count"]=>
      string(1) "0"
      ["filter"]=>
      string(3) "raw"
    }
    [1]=>
    object(WP_Post)#4680 (24) {
      ["ID"]=>
      int(1117)
      ["post_author"]=>
      string(4) "1363"
      ["post_date"]=>
      string(19) "2014-09-22 10:36:00"
      ["post_date_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2014-09-22 10:36:00"
      ["post_content"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_title"]=>
      string(159) "NCT00096655 - A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis"
      ["post_excerpt"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_status"]=>
      string(7) "publish"
      ["comment_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["ping_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["post_password"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_name"]=>
      string(155) "nct00096655-a-randomized-placebo-controlled-double-blind-trial-to-evaluate-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-infliximab-in-patients-with-active-ulcerative-colitis"
      ["to_ping"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pinged"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_modified"]=>
      string(19) "2023-11-30 15:33:15"
      ["post_modified_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2023-11-30 20:33:15"
      ["post_content_filtered"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_parent"]=>
      int(0)
      ["guid"]=>
      string(204) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/clinical-trial/nct00096655-a-randomized-placebo-controlled-double-blind-trial-to-evaluate-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-infliximab-in-patients-with-active-ulcerative-colitis/"
      ["menu_order"]=>
      int(0)
      ["post_type"]=>
      string(14) "clinical_trial"
      ["post_mime_type"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["comment_count"]=>
      string(1) "0"
      ["filter"]=>
      string(3) "raw"
    }
    [2]=>
    object(WP_Post)#4679 (24) {
      ["ID"]=>
      int(1283)
      ["post_author"]=>
      string(4) "1363"
      ["post_date"]=>
      string(19) "2014-11-04 14:04:00"
      ["post_date_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2014-11-04 14:04:00"
      ["post_content"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_title"]=>
      string(232) "NCT00207662 - ACCENT I - A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Anti-TNFa Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody (Infliximab, Remicade) in the Long-term Treatment of Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease"
      ["post_excerpt"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_status"]=>
      string(7) "publish"
      ["comment_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["ping_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["post_password"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_name"]=>
      string(191) "nct00207662-accent-i-a-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-trial-of-anti-tnfa-chimeric-monoclonal-antibody-infliximab-remicade-in-the-long-term-treatment-of-patients-with-moderately-to"
      ["to_ping"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pinged"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_modified"]=>
      string(19) "2023-12-07 09:47:33"
      ["post_modified_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2023-12-07 14:47:33"
      ["post_content_filtered"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_parent"]=>
      int(0)
      ["guid"]=>
      string(240) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/clinical-trial/nct00207662-accent-i-a-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-trial-of-anti-tnfa-chimeric-monoclonal-antibody-infliximab-remicade-in-the-long-term-treatment-of-patients-with-moderately-to/"
      ["menu_order"]=>
      int(0)
      ["post_type"]=>
      string(14) "clinical_trial"
      ["post_mime_type"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["comment_count"]=>
      string(1) "0"
      ["filter"]=>
      string(3) "raw"
    }
    [3]=>
    object(WP_Post)#4678 (24) {
      ["ID"]=>
      int(1286)
      ["post_author"]=>
      string(4) "1363"
      ["post_date"]=>
      string(19) "2014-11-04 14:11:00"
      ["post_date_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2014-11-04 14:11:00"
      ["post_content"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_title"]=>
      string(214) "NCT00207766 - ACCENT II - A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Anti-TNF Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody (Infliximab, Remicade) in the Long Term Treatment of Patients With Fistulizing CROHN'S Disease"
      ["post_excerpt"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_status"]=>
      string(7) "publish"
      ["comment_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["ping_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["post_password"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_name"]=>
      string(191) "nct00207766-accent-ii-a-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-trial-of-anti-tnf-chimeric-monoclonal-antibody-infliximab-remicade-in-the-long-term-treatment-of-patients-with-fistulizing-c"
      ["to_ping"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pinged"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_modified"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:16:08"
      ["post_modified_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:16:08"
      ["post_content_filtered"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_parent"]=>
      int(0)
      ["guid"]=>
      string(240) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/clinical-trial/nct00207766-accent-ii-a-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-trial-of-anti-tnf-chimeric-monoclonal-antibody-infliximab-remicade-in-the-long-term-treatment-of-patients-with-fistulizing-c/"
      ["menu_order"]=>
      int(0)
      ["post_type"]=>
      string(14) "clinical_trial"
      ["post_mime_type"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["comment_count"]=>
      string(1) "0"
      ["filter"]=>
      string(3) "raw"
    }
    [4]=>
    object(WP_Post)#4677 (24) {
      ["ID"]=>
      int(1955)
      ["post_author"]=>
      string(4) "1363"
      ["post_date"]=>
      string(19) "2015-02-12 16:10:00"
      ["post_date_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2015-02-12 16:10:00"
      ["post_content"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_title"]=>
      string(82) "NCT00202865 - Evaluation of Low Dose Infliximab in Ankylosing Spondylitis (CANDLE)"
      ["post_excerpt"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_status"]=>
      string(5) "draft"
      ["comment_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["ping_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["post_password"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_name"]=>
      string(78) "nct00202865-evaluation-of-low-dose-infliximab-in-ankylosing-spondylitis-candle"
      ["to_ping"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pinged"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_modified"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:30:11"
      ["post_modified_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:30:11"
      ["post_content_filtered"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_parent"]=>
      int(0)
      ["guid"]=>
      string(70) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/?post_type=clinical_trial&p=1955"
      ["menu_order"]=>
      int(0)
      ["post_type"]=>
      string(14) "clinical_trial"
      ["post_mime_type"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["comment_count"]=>
      string(1) "0"
      ["filter"]=>
      string(3) "raw"
    }
    [5]=>
    object(WP_Post)#4676 (24) {
      ["ID"]=>
      int(1957)
      ["post_author"]=>
      string(4) "1363"
      ["post_date"]=>
      string(19) "2015-02-13 13:59:00"
      ["post_date_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2015-02-13 13:59:00"
      ["post_content"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_title"]=>
      string(201) "NCT00537316 - Efficacy & Safety of Infliximab Monotherapy Vs Combination Therapy Vs AZA Monotherapy in Ulcerative Colitis (Part 1) Maintenance Vs Intermittent Therapy for Maintaining Remission (Part 2)"
      ["post_excerpt"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_status"]=>
      string(5) "draft"
      ["comment_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["ping_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["post_password"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_name"]=>
      string(193) "nct00537316-efficacy-safety-of-infliximab-monotherapy-vs-combination-therapy-vs-aza-monotherapy-in-ulcerative-colitis-part-1-maintenance-vs-intermittent-therapy-for-maintaining-remission-part-2"
      ["to_ping"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pinged"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_modified"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:30:16"
      ["post_modified_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:30:16"
      ["post_content_filtered"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_parent"]=>
      int(0)
      ["guid"]=>
      string(70) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/?post_type=clinical_trial&p=1957"
      ["menu_order"]=>
      int(0)
      ["post_type"]=>
      string(14) "clinical_trial"
      ["post_mime_type"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["comment_count"]=>
      string(1) "0"
      ["filter"]=>
      string(3) "raw"
    }
    [6]=>
    object(WP_Post)#4675 (24) {
      ["ID"]=>
      int(1437)
      ["post_author"]=>
      string(4) "1363"
      ["post_date"]=>
      string(19) "2016-02-25 14:53:00"
      ["post_date_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2016-02-25 14:53:00"
      ["post_content"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_title"]=>
      string(188) "NCT01551290 - A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab in Chinese Subjects With Active Ulcerative Colitis"
      ["post_excerpt"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_status"]=>
      string(7) "publish"
      ["comment_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["ping_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["post_password"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_name"]=>
      string(182) "nct01551290-a-phase-3-multicenter-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-study-evaluating-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-infliximab-in-chinese-subjects-with-active-ulcerative-colitis"
      ["to_ping"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pinged"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_modified"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:20:09"
      ["post_modified_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:20:09"
      ["post_content_filtered"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_parent"]=>
      int(0)
      ["guid"]=>
      string(231) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/clinical-trial/nct01551290-a-phase-3-multicenter-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-study-evaluating-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-infliximab-in-chinese-subjects-with-active-ulcerative-colitis/"
      ["menu_order"]=>
      int(0)
      ["post_type"]=>
      string(14) "clinical_trial"
      ["post_mime_type"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["comment_count"]=>
      string(1) "0"
      ["filter"]=>
      string(3) "raw"
    }
    [7]=>
    object(WP_Post)#4674 (24) {
      ["ID"]=>
      int(1574)
      ["post_author"]=>
      string(4) "1363"
      ["post_date"]=>
      string(19) "2016-11-14 12:07:00"
      ["post_date_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2016-11-14 12:07:00"
      ["post_content"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_title"]=>
      string(274) "NCT00771667 - A Phase 2b, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ustekinumab Therapy in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease Previously Treated With TNF Antagonist Therapy"
      ["post_excerpt"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_status"]=>
      string(7) "publish"
      ["comment_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["ping_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["post_password"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_name"]=>
      string(193) "nct00771667-a-phase-2b-multicenter-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-parallel-group-study-to-evaluate-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-ustekinumab-therapy-in-subjects-with-moderately-to-seve"
      ["to_ping"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pinged"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_modified"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:23:24"
      ["post_modified_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:23:24"
      ["post_content_filtered"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_parent"]=>
      int(0)
      ["guid"]=>
      string(242) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/clinical-trial/nct00771667-a-phase-2b-multicenter-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-parallel-group-study-to-evaluate-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-ustekinumab-therapy-in-subjects-with-moderately-to-seve/"
      ["menu_order"]=>
      int(0)
      ["post_type"]=>
      string(14) "clinical_trial"
      ["post_mime_type"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["comment_count"]=>
      string(1) "0"
      ["filter"]=>
      string(3) "raw"
    }
    [8]=>
    object(WP_Post)#4673 (24) {
      ["ID"]=>
      int(1577)
      ["post_author"]=>
      string(4) "1363"
      ["post_date"]=>
      string(19) "2016-11-15 14:07:00"
      ["post_date_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2016-11-15 14:07:00"
      ["post_content"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_title"]=>
      string(306) "NCT01369329 - A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ustekinumab Induction Therapy in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease Who Have Failed or Are Intolerant to TNF Antagonist Therapy (UNITI-1)"
      ["post_excerpt"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_status"]=>
      string(7) "publish"
      ["comment_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["ping_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["post_password"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_name"]=>
      string(193) "nct01369329-a-phase-3-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-parallel-group-multicenter-study-to-evaluate-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-ustekinumab-induction-therapy-in-subjects-with-moderatel"
      ["to_ping"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pinged"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_modified"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:23:28"
      ["post_modified_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:23:28"
      ["post_content_filtered"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_parent"]=>
      int(0)
      ["guid"]=>
      string(242) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/clinical-trial/nct01369329-a-phase-3-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-parallel-group-multicenter-study-to-evaluate-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-ustekinumab-induction-therapy-in-subjects-with-moderatel/"
      ["menu_order"]=>
      int(0)
      ["post_type"]=>
      string(14) "clinical_trial"
      ["post_mime_type"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["comment_count"]=>
      string(1) "0"
      ["filter"]=>
      string(3) "raw"
    }
    [9]=>
    object(WP_Post)#4672 (24) {
      ["ID"]=>
      int(1580)
      ["post_author"]=>
      string(4) "1363"
      ["post_date"]=>
      string(19) "2016-11-15 14:09:00"
      ["post_date_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2016-11-15 14:09:00"
      ["post_content"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_title"]=>
      string(246) "NCT01369342 - A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ustekinumab Induction Therapy in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease (UNITI-2)"
      ["post_excerpt"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_status"]=>
      string(7) "publish"
      ["comment_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["ping_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["post_password"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_name"]=>
      string(193) "nct01369342-a-phase-3-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-parallel-group-multicenter-study-to-evaluate-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-ustekinumab-induction-therapy-in-subjects-with-moderatel"
      ["to_ping"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pinged"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_modified"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:23:33"
      ["post_modified_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:23:33"
      ["post_content_filtered"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_parent"]=>
      int(0)
      ["guid"]=>
      string(242) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/clinical-trial/nct01369342-a-phase-3-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-parallel-group-multicenter-study-to-evaluate-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-ustekinumab-induction-therapy-in-subjects-with-moderatel/"
      ["menu_order"]=>
      int(0)
      ["post_type"]=>
      string(14) "clinical_trial"
      ["post_mime_type"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["comment_count"]=>
      string(1) "0"
      ["filter"]=>
      string(3) "raw"
    }
    [10]=>
    object(WP_Post)#4671 (24) {
      ["ID"]=>
      int(1588)
      ["post_author"]=>
      string(4) "1363"
      ["post_date"]=>
      string(19) "2017-02-08 13:24:00"
      ["post_date_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2017-02-08 13:24:00"
      ["post_content"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_title"]=>
      string(238) "NCT01369355 - A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ustekinumab Maintenance Therapy in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease"
      ["post_excerpt"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_status"]=>
      string(7) "publish"
      ["comment_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["ping_status"]=>
      string(4) "open"
      ["post_password"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_name"]=>
      string(193) "nct01369355-a-phase-3-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-parallel-group-multicenter-study-to-evaluate-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-ustekinumab-maintenance-therapy-in-subjects-with-moderat"
      ["to_ping"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pinged"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_modified"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:23:44"
      ["post_modified_gmt"]=>
      string(19) "2023-02-06 13:23:44"
      ["post_content_filtered"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["post_parent"]=>
      int(0)
      ["guid"]=>
      string(242) "https://dev-yoda.pantheonsite.io/clinical-trial/nct01369355-a-phase-3-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-parallel-group-multicenter-study-to-evaluate-the-safety-and-efficacy-of-ustekinumab-maintenance-therapy-in-subjects-with-moderat/"
      ["menu_order"]=>
      int(0)
      ["post_type"]=>
      string(14) "clinical_trial"
      ["post_mime_type"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["comment_count"]=>
      string(1) "0"
      ["filter"]=>
      string(3) "raw"
    }
  }
  ["project_date_type"]=>
  string(91) "Individual Participant-Level Data, which includes Full CSR and all supporting documentation"
  ["property_scientific_abstract"]=>
  string(1591) "BACKGROUND: Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) can occur in up to 47% of patients that suffer from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and have been shown to negatively affect their quality of life. Our goal is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the comparative efficacy of biologic therapy in resolving EIMs.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the comparative efficacy of biologic therapy in resolving EIMs of IBD by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
PARTICIPANTS: Adults over 18 years of age participating in any of the following RCTs: RCTs evaluating the efficacy of biologic therapy in inducing and/or maintaining remission of luminal inflammation in IBD; and RCTs evaluating the efficacy of biologic therapy in treating spondyloarthropathies in which patients with IBD were included.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: For IBD trials, the main outcome measure is the proportion of patients that had resolved EIMs after treatment with a biologic compared to placebo. For spondyloarthropathy trials, the main outcome measure is the proportion of patients that achieved an ASDAS inactive disease score after treatment with a biologic compared to placebo.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data will be pooled in a random effects model and outcome measures will be expressed as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Risk of bias, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses will be performed as well as tests for heterogeneity to assess inconsistency between trials" ["project_brief_bg"]=> string(2425) "Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are relatively common in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), of which Crohn?s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the main entities. Several observational studies have reported the prevalence of at least one EIM to be around 6 ? 47% among patients with IBD, with higher susceptibility among those who smoke, have colonic involvement, and develop perianal CD. More importantly, some of the most common EIMs have been demonstrated to affect the quality of life in patients with IBD and can even be associated with more comorbidity than the bowel disease itself. Therefore, an early and proper management of EIMs is essential for improving the overall quality of life in patients with IBD.
The development of biologic therapy has markedly improved the quality of life of patients with IBD and biologics are now a mainstay in the management of moderate-to-severe IBD, particularly CD. TNF-? inhibitors, anti-?4-integrin antibodies, and one anti-interleukin-12/23 antibody have been shown to be effective in inducing and maintaining remission of luminal bowel inflammation in randomized controlled trials. However, most of the data regarding the efficacy of these biologics in treating EIMs has not been reported. Current recommendations for management of EIMs are based on the limited evidence available from case reports and open-label trials, and no specific guidelines have been developed for therapy. Although meta-analyses have been published for the efficacy of these drugs in treating luminal inflammation, no study assessing the comparative efficacy of currently available biologics for IBD in managing EIMs has been published.
The importance of developing more specific guidelines for the management of IBD with associated EIMs stems from the fact that some of these inflammatory manifestations can lead to irreversible deterioration and long-term disability if not treated early and effectively. Determining which of the currently available biologic therapies, if any, is the most effective option for managing patients with IBD complicated by EIMs will lead to long-term improvements in quality of life and significant reductions in long term morbidity. We therefore propose a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis to assess the comparative efficacy of biologic therapy in treating EIMs associated with IBD." ["project_specific_aims"]=> string(459) "PRIMARY AIM: The primary aim of the study is to assess the comparative efficacy of currently available biologic therapies in resolving EIMs of IBD.
SECONDARY AIM: To compare the results on the efficacy of biologic therapy in resolving musculoskeletal manifestations from trials targeting spondyloarthropathies vs. the results from trials targeting IBD luminal inflammation as a way to evaluate the reliability of the assessments performed in IBD trials." ["project_study_design"]=> string(0) "" ["project_study_design_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_purposes"]=> array(3) { [0]=> array(2) { ["value"]=> string(114) "New research question to examine treatment effectiveness on secondary endpoints and/or within subgroup populations" ["label"]=> string(114) "New research question to examine treatment effectiveness on secondary endpoints and/or within subgroup populations" } [1]=> array(2) { ["value"]=> string(36) "Participant-level data meta-analysis" ["label"]=> string(36) "Participant-level data meta-analysis" } [2]=> array(2) { ["value"]=> string(69) "Meta-analysis using data from the YODA Project and other data sources" ["label"]=> string(69) "Meta-analysis using data from the YODA Project and other data sources" } } ["project_purposes_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_software_used"]=> string(0) "" ["project_software_used_exp"]=> string(0) "" ["project_research_methods"]=> string(899) "DATA SOURCE: We are requesting data regarding the presence of EIMs before and after therapy in each of the treatment arms of eligible RCTs. We are including two main groups of RCTs: RCTs evaluating the efficacy of biologic therapy in inducing and/or maintaining remission of bowel inflammation in patients with IBD (IBD trials); and RCTs evaluating the efficacy of biologic therapy in treating axial and/or peripheral spondyloarthropathies in which patients with concomitant IBD were included (spondyloarthropathy trials).
INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) Adult IBD patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of CD or UC. 2) RCTs involving the following interventions: TNF-? inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol), anti-?4-integrin antibodies (natalizumab, vedolizumab), and anti-interleukin-12/23 antibodies (ustekinumab). 3) Subjects have to be randomized to treatment or placebo" ["project_main_outcome_measure"]=> string(951) "For IBD trials, the main outcome measure is the proportion of patients that had resolved EIMs compared to baseline after treatment at specific time points. We are focusing on outcome measures obtained after 6 weeks of treatment in induction trials and after 52 weeks in maintenance trials. For spondyloarthropathy trials, the main outcome measure is the proportion of patients fulfilling ASDAS inactive disease criteria after treatment compared to baseline within the subgroup of IBD patients. For the latter, we are focusing on outcome measures obtained after 6 weeks of treatment.
We are requesting data on the following extraintestinal manifestations:
1) Musculoskeletal: peripheral arthropathy (type 1 and type 2), axial arthropathy (ankylosing spondylitis, sacroiliitis)
2) Ocular: uveitis, iritis, episcleritis
3) Dermatologic: erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum
4) Hepatobiliary: primary sclerosing cholangitis" ["project_main_predictor_indep"]=> string(310) "The main independent variables are the biological therapies under study: infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, natalizumab, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab. The dependent variables will be the proportion of patients that achieved resolution of EIMs after treatment with biologic therapy compared to placebo." ["project_other_variables_interest"]=> string(0) "" ["project_stat_analysis_plan"]=> string(2822) "SEARCH STRATEGY: We conducted a literature search using MEDLINE (1946 to February 2016), EMBASE (1988 to February 2016), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 2, February 2016).
CONTACT WITH STUDY SPONSORS: Studies fulfilling inclusion criteria will be added to the meta-analysis depending on the availability of unpublished data necessary to answer the research question. The respective study sponsors and data owners will be contacted in order to ensure that data on EIMs was collected before and after treatment.
DATA EXTRACTION: Data will be extracted as dichotomous outcomes and pooled into a software program designed for preparing and maintaining systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Review Manager 5.3; Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark). Data will be extracted as intention-to-treat analyses, in which all dropouts are assumed to be treatment failures.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF BIAS: The assessment of risk of bias will be performed by two independent reviewers with any disagreements resolved by consensus with an expert investigator. Risk of bias will be assessed as described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (version 5.1.0) by evaluating methods used for random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, blinding of outcome assessments, managing incomplete outcome data, selective reporting, and other biases.
DATA SYNTHESIS: Data will be pooled using a random effects model to give a more conservative estimate of the effect of individual therapies, allowing for heterogeneity between studies. The effects of different interventions will be expressed as a relative risk (RR) of achieving resolution in IBD trials or achieving ASDAS inactive disease criteria in spondyloarthropathy trials with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
TESTS FOR HETEROGENEITY: To assess heterogeneity between individual therapies varying in dosing regimens and routes of administration, the I2 test statistic will be used. Values for I2 range from 0% to 100%, where 0% represents no observed heterogeneity and larger values represent increasing heterogeneity.
SUBGROUP ANALYSES
1. Drug vs. drug
2. TNF-? inhibitors vs. anti-?4-integrin antibodies vs. anti-interleukin-12/23 antibodies
3. Results from spondyloarthropathy trials vs. results from IBD trials
4. Subgroup analyses on response to therapy among individual categories of EIMs: musculoskeletal, skin, ocular, and hepatobiliary manifestations
5. Subgroup analyses for different dosages
SENSITIVITY ANALYSES: Sensitivity analyses will be performed for potential sources of heterogeneity between trials such as differences in the method of clinical evaluation of EIMs and differences in dosages." ["project_timeline"]=> string(627) "The proposed project timeline began in 01/01/2016 with initial study design and ends in 12/31/2016 with final manuscript submission. In the first four months from 01/01/2016 to 04/30/2016 we have developed the study design, conducted the search strategy, performed the abstract screening, and finished the full-text review of eligible trials. We expect to have obtained all necessary unpublished data from eligible trials by 07/31/2016. Data analysis should be completed by 08/31/2016. Manuscript writing, review, and submission should be finished by 12/31/2016. Results will be reported back to the YODA Project by 12/31/2016." ["project_dissemination_plan"]=> string(120) "Suitable journals for submission include Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gut, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases." ["project_bibliography"]=> string(6443) "

1. Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Rawsthorne P, Yu N. The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:1116-22.
2. Lakatos L, Pandur T, David G, et al. Association of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in a province of western Hungary with disease phenotype: results of a 25-year follow-up study. World J Gastroenterol 2003;9:2300-7.
3. Ricart E, Panaccione R, Loftus EV, Jr., et al. Autoimmune disorders and extraintestinal manifestations in first-degree familial and sporadic inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004;10:207-14.
4. Ardizzone S, Puttini PS, Cassinotti A, Porro GB. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Digestive and Liver Disease 2008;40:S253-S9.
5. Palm O, Bernklev T, Moum B, Gran JT. Non-inflammatory joint pain in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is prevalent and has a significant impact on health related quality of life. Journal of Rheumatology 2005;32:1755-9.
6. LeBlanc K, Mosli MH, Parker CE, MacDonald JK. The impact of biological interventions for ulcerative colitis on health-related quality of life. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;9:CD008655.
7. van der Have M, van der Aalst KS, Kaptein AA, et al. Determinants of health-related quality of life in Crohn’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis 2014;8:93-106.
8. Targan SR, Hanauer SB, van Deventer SJ, et al. A short-term study of chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2 to tumor necrosis factor alpha for Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s Disease cA2 Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1029-35.
9. Rutgeerts P, D’Haens G, Targan S, et al. Efficacy and safety of retreatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody (infliximab) to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1999;117:761-9.
10. Rutgeerts P, Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, et al. Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2462-76.
11. Hanauer SB, Sandborn WJ, Rutgeerts P, et al. Human anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody (adalimumab) in Crohn’s disease: the CLASSIC-I trial. Gastroenterology 2006;130:323-33; quiz 591.
12. Reinisch W, Sandborn WJ, Hommes DW, et al. Adalimumab for induction of clinical remission in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results of a randomised controlled trial. Gut 2011;60:780-7.
13. Sandborn WJ, van Assche G, Reinisch W, et al. Adalimumab induces and maintains clinical remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2012;142:257-65 e1-3.
14. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Stoinov S, et al. Certolizumab pegol for the treatment of Crohn’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2007;357:228-38.
15. Schreiber S, Khaliq-Kareemi M, Lawrance IC, et al. Maintenance therapy with certolizumab pegol for Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 2007;357:239-50.
16. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Marano C, et al. Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2014;146:85-95; quiz e14-5.
17. Sandborn WJ, Colombel JF, Enns R, et al. Natalizumab induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1912-25.
18. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Rutgeerts P, et al. Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 2013;369:711-21.
19. Feagan BG, Rutgeerts P, Sands BE, et al. Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med 2013;369:699-710.
20. Sandborn WJ, Gasink C, Gao LL, et al. Ustekinumab induction and maintenance therapy in refractory Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1519-28.
21. Alkhouri N, Hupertz V, Mahajan L. Adalimumab treatment for peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum associated with Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009;15:803-6.
22. Carinanos I, Acosta MB, Domenech E. Adalimumab for pyoderma gangrenosum associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17:E153-4.
23. Van den Bosch F, Kruithof E, Vos MD, Keyser FD, Mielants H. Crohn’s disease associated with spondyloarthropathy: effect of TNF-? blockade with infliximab on articular symptoms. The Lancet 2000;356:1821-2.
24. Fries W, Giofre MR, Catanoso M, Lo Gullo R. Treatment of acute uveitis associated with Crohn’s disease and sacroileitis with infliximab. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2002;97:499-500.
25. Rispo A, Scarpa R, Di Girolamo E, et al. Infliximab in the treatment of extra-intestinal manifestations of Crohn’s disease. Scand J Rheumatol 2005;34:387-91.
26. Ellman MH, Hanauer S, Sitrin M, Cohen R. Crohn’s disease arthritis treated with infliximab: an open trial in four patients. J Clin Rheumatol 2001;7:67-71.
27. Herfarth H, Obermeier F, Andus T, et al. Improvement of arthritis and arthralgia after treatment with infliximab (Remicade) in a German prospective, open-label, multicenter trial in refractory Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2688-90.
28. Kaufman I, Caspi D, Yeshurun D, Dotan I, Yaron M, Elkayam O. The effect of infliximab on extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn’s disease. Rheumatol Int 2005;25:406-10.
29. Generini S, Giacomelli R, Fedi R, et al. Infliximab in spondyloarthropathy associated with Crohn’s disease: an open study on the efficacy of inducing and maintaining remission of musculoskeletal and gut manifestations. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:1664-9.
30. Ford AC, Sandborn WJ, Khan KJ, Hanauer SB, Talley NJ, Moayyedi P. Efficacy of biological therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:644-59, quiz 60.
31. Benson JM, Peritt D, Scallon BJ, et al. Discovery and mechanism of ustekinumab: a human monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 for treatment of immune-mediated disorders. MAbs 2011;3:535-45.
32. Soler D, Chapman T, Yang LL, Wyant T, Egan R, Fedyk ER. The binding specificity and selective antagonism of vedolizumab, an anti-alpha4beta7 integrin therapeutic antibody in development for inflammatory bowel diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009;330:864-75.

" ["project_suppl_material"]=> bool(false) ["project_coi"]=> array(4) { [0]=> array(1) { ["file_coi"]=> array(21) { ["ID"]=> int(9219) ["id"]=> int(9219) ["title"]=> string(33) "financial_disclosure_munizpedrogo" ["filename"]=> string(37) "financial_disclosure_munizpedrogo.pdf" ["filesize"]=> int(676803) ["url"]=> string(86) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/financial_disclosure_munizpedrogo.pdf" ["link"]=> string(79) "https://yoda.yale.edu/data-request/2016-0919/financial_disclosure_munizpedrogo/" ["alt"]=> string(0) "" ["author"]=> string(4) "1363" ["description"]=> string(0) "" ["caption"]=> string(0) "" ["name"]=> string(33) "financial_disclosure_munizpedrogo" ["status"]=> string(7) "inherit" ["uploaded_to"]=> int(3980) ["date"]=> string(19) "2023-07-31 15:31:58" ["modified"]=> string(19) "2023-08-01 01:11:57" ["menu_order"]=> int(0) ["mime_type"]=> string(15) "application/pdf" ["type"]=> string(11) "application" ["subtype"]=> string(3) "pdf" ["icon"]=> string(62) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp/wp-includes/images/media/document.png" } } [1]=> array(1) { ["file_coi"]=> array(21) { ["ID"]=> int(9218) ["id"]=> int(9218) ["title"]=> string(28) "financial_disclosure_kashyap" ["filename"]=> string(32) "financial_disclosure_kashyap.pdf" ["filesize"]=> int(701870) ["url"]=> string(81) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/financial_disclosure_kashyap.pdf" ["link"]=> string(74) "https://yoda.yale.edu/data-request/2016-0919/financial_disclosure_kashyap/" ["alt"]=> string(0) "" ["author"]=> string(4) "1363" ["description"]=> string(0) "" ["caption"]=> string(0) "" ["name"]=> string(28) "financial_disclosure_kashyap" ["status"]=> string(7) "inherit" ["uploaded_to"]=> int(3980) ["date"]=> string(19) "2023-07-31 15:31:55" ["modified"]=> string(19) "2023-08-01 01:11:57" ["menu_order"]=> int(0) ["mime_type"]=> string(15) "application/pdf" ["type"]=> string(11) "application" ["subtype"]=> string(3) "pdf" ["icon"]=> string(62) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp/wp-includes/images/media/document.png" } } [2]=> array(1) { ["file_coi"]=> array(21) { ["ID"]=> int(10098) ["id"]=> int(10098) ["title"]=> string(47) "yoda_project_coi_form_for_data_requestors_murad" ["filename"]=> string(51) "yoda_project_coi_form_for_data_requestors_murad.pdf" ["filesize"]=> int(75088) ["url"]=> string(100) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/yoda_project_coi_form_for_data_requestors_murad.pdf" ["link"]=> string(93) "https://yoda.yale.edu/data-request/2016-0919/yoda_project_coi_form_for_data_requestors_murad/" ["alt"]=> string(0) "" ["author"]=> string(4) "1363" ["description"]=> string(0) "" ["caption"]=> string(0) "" ["name"]=> string(47) "yoda_project_coi_form_for_data_requestors_murad" ["status"]=> string(7) "inherit" ["uploaded_to"]=> int(3980) ["date"]=> string(19) "2023-07-31 16:11:53" ["modified"]=> string(19) "2023-08-01 01:11:58" ["menu_order"]=> int(0) ["mime_type"]=> string(15) "application/pdf" ["type"]=> string(11) "application" ["subtype"]=> string(3) "pdf" ["icon"]=> string(62) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp/wp-includes/images/media/document.png" } } [3]=> array(1) { ["file_coi"]=> array(21) { ["ID"]=> int(9221) ["id"]=> int(9221) ["title"]=> string(25) "financial_disclosure_wang" ["filename"]=> string(29) "financial_disclosure_wang.pdf" ["filesize"]=> int(1240454) ["url"]=> string(78) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/financial_disclosure_wang.pdf" ["link"]=> string(71) "https://yoda.yale.edu/data-request/2016-0919/financial_disclosure_wang/" ["alt"]=> string(0) "" ["author"]=> string(4) "1363" ["description"]=> string(0) "" ["caption"]=> string(0) "" ["name"]=> string(25) "financial_disclosure_wang" ["status"]=> string(7) "inherit" ["uploaded_to"]=> int(3980) ["date"]=> string(19) "2023-07-31 15:32:04" ["modified"]=> string(19) "2023-08-01 01:11:58" ["menu_order"]=> int(0) ["mime_type"]=> string(15) "application/pdf" ["type"]=> string(11) "application" ["subtype"]=> string(3) "pdf" ["icon"]=> string(62) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp/wp-includes/images/media/document.png" } } } ["data_use_agreement_training"]=> bool(true) ["certification"]=> bool(true) ["project_send_email_updates"]=> bool(true) ["project_status"]=> string(15) "unknown_revoked" ["project_publ_available"]=> bool(true) ["project_year_access"]=> string(4) "2016" ["project_rep_publ"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(1) { ["publication_link"]=> array(3) { ["title"]=> string(81) "Unknown; data access revoked, investigator has not reported results as requested." ["url"]=> string(81) "Unknown; data access revoked, investigator has not reported results as requested." ["target"]=> string(6) "_blank" } } } ["project_assoc_data"]=> array(0) { } ["project_due_dil_assessment"]=> array(21) { ["ID"]=> int(11099) ["id"]=> int(11099) ["title"]=> string(48) "yoda_project_due_dilligence_assessment_2016-0919" ["filename"]=> string(52) "yoda_project_due_dilligence_assessment_2016-0919.pdf" ["filesize"]=> int(93577) ["url"]=> string(101) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/yoda_project_due_dilligence_assessment_2016-0919.pdf" ["link"]=> string(94) "https://yoda.yale.edu/data-request/2016-0919/yoda_project_due_dilligence_assessment_2016-0919/" ["alt"]=> string(0) "" ["author"]=> string(4) "1363" ["description"]=> string(0) "" ["caption"]=> string(0) "" ["name"]=> string(48) "yoda_project_due_dilligence_assessment_2016-0919" ["status"]=> string(7) "inherit" ["uploaded_to"]=> int(3980) ["date"]=> string(19) "2023-08-09 17:25:16" ["modified"]=> string(19) "2023-08-09 19:23:35" ["menu_order"]=> int(0) ["mime_type"]=> string(15) "application/pdf" ["type"]=> string(11) "application" ["subtype"]=> string(3) "pdf" ["icon"]=> string(62) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp/wp-includes/images/media/document.png" } ["project_title_link"]=> array(21) { ["ID"]=> int(11097) ["id"]=> int(11097) ["title"]=> string(42) "yoda_project_protocol_2016-0919_-_17-11-20" ["filename"]=> string(46) "yoda_project_protocol_2016-0919_-_17-11-20.pdf" ["filesize"]=> int(43933) ["url"]=> string(95) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/yoda_project_protocol_2016-0919_-_17-11-20.pdf" ["link"]=> string(88) "https://yoda.yale.edu/data-request/2016-0919/yoda_project_protocol_2016-0919_-_17-11-20/" ["alt"]=> string(0) "" ["author"]=> string(4) "1363" ["description"]=> string(0) "" ["caption"]=> string(0) "" ["name"]=> string(42) "yoda_project_protocol_2016-0919_-_17-11-20" ["status"]=> string(7) "inherit" ["uploaded_to"]=> int(3980) ["date"]=> string(19) "2023-08-09 17:25:10" ["modified"]=> string(19) "2023-08-09 19:23:35" ["menu_order"]=> int(0) ["mime_type"]=> string(15) "application/pdf" ["type"]=> string(11) "application" ["subtype"]=> string(3) "pdf" ["icon"]=> string(62) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp/wp-includes/images/media/document.png" } ["project_review_link"]=> array(21) { ["ID"]=> int(10786) ["id"]=> int(10786) ["title"]=> string(36) "yoda_project_review_-_2016-0919_site" ["filename"]=> string(40) "yoda_project_review_-_2016-0919_site.pdf" ["filesize"]=> int(1361337) ["url"]=> string(89) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/yoda_project_review_-_2016-0919_site.pdf" ["link"]=> string(82) "https://yoda.yale.edu/data-request/2016-0919/yoda_project_review_-_2016-0919_site/" ["alt"]=> string(0) "" ["author"]=> string(4) "1363" ["description"]=> string(0) "" ["caption"]=> string(0) "" ["name"]=> string(36) "yoda_project_review_-_2016-0919_site" ["status"]=> string(7) "inherit" ["uploaded_to"]=> int(3980) ["date"]=> string(19) "2023-08-09 17:11:58" ["modified"]=> string(19) "2023-08-09 19:23:36" ["menu_order"]=> int(0) ["mime_type"]=> string(15) "application/pdf" ["type"]=> string(11) "application" ["subtype"]=> string(3) "pdf" ["icon"]=> string(62) "https://yoda.yale.edu/wp/wp-includes/images/media/document.png" } ["project_highlight_button"]=> string(0) "" ["search_order"]=> string(5) "-6660" } data partner
array(1) { [0]=> string(15) "johnson-johnson" }

pi country
array(1) { [0]=> string(13) "United States" }

pi affil
array(1) { [0]=> string(8) "Academia" }

products
array(2) { [0]=> string(8) "remicade" [1]=> string(7) "stelara" }

num of trials
array(1) { [0]=> string(2) "11" }

res
array(1) { [0]=> string(1) "3" }

2016-0919

General Information

How did you learn about the YODA Project?: Other

Conflict of Interest

Request Clinical Trials

Associated Trial(s):
  1. NCT00036439 - A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis
  2. NCT00096655 - A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Infliximab in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis
  3. NCT00207662 - ACCENT I - A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Anti-TNFa Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody (Infliximab, Remicade) in the Long-term Treatment of Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease
  4. NCT00207766 - ACCENT II - A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Anti-TNF Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody (Infliximab, Remicade) in the Long Term Treatment of Patients With Fistulizing CROHN'S Disease
  5. NCT00202865 - Evaluation of Low Dose Infliximab in Ankylosing Spondylitis (CANDLE)
  6. NCT00537316 - Efficacy & Safety of Infliximab Monotherapy Vs Combination Therapy Vs AZA Monotherapy in Ulcerative Colitis (Part 1) Maintenance Vs Intermittent Therapy for Maintaining Remission (Part 2)
  7. NCT01551290 - A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab in Chinese Subjects With Active Ulcerative Colitis
  8. NCT00771667 - A Phase 2b, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ustekinumab Therapy in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease Previously Treated With TNF Antagonist Therapy
  9. NCT01369329 - A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ustekinumab Induction Therapy in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease Who Have Failed or Are Intolerant to TNF Antagonist Therapy (UNITI-1)
  10. NCT01369342 - A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ustekinumab Induction Therapy in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease (UNITI-2)
  11. NCT01369355 - A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ustekinumab Maintenance Therapy in Subjects With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease
What type of data are you looking for?:

Request Clinical Trials

Data Request Status

Status: Unknown - Revoked

Research Proposal

Project Title: Comparative efficacy of biologics in resolving extraintestinal manifestations of IBD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Scientific Abstract: BACKGROUND: Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) can occur in up to 47% of patients that suffer from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and have been shown to negatively affect their quality of life. Our goal is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the comparative efficacy of biologic therapy in resolving EIMs.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the comparative efficacy of biologic therapy in resolving EIMs of IBD by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
PARTICIPANTS: Adults over 18 years of age participating in any of the following RCTs: RCTs evaluating the efficacy of biologic therapy in inducing and/or maintaining remission of luminal inflammation in IBD; and RCTs evaluating the efficacy of biologic therapy in treating spondyloarthropathies in which patients with IBD were included.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: For IBD trials, the main outcome measure is the proportion of patients that had resolved EIMs after treatment with a biologic compared to placebo. For spondyloarthropathy trials, the main outcome measure is the proportion of patients that achieved an ASDAS inactive disease score after treatment with a biologic compared to placebo.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data will be pooled in a random effects model and outcome measures will be expressed as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Risk of bias, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses will be performed as well as tests for heterogeneity to assess inconsistency between trials

Brief Project Background and Statement of Project Significance: Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are relatively common in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), of which Crohn?s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the main entities. Several observational studies have reported the prevalence of at least one EIM to be around 6 ? 47% among patients with IBD, with higher susceptibility among those who smoke, have colonic involvement, and develop perianal CD. More importantly, some of the most common EIMs have been demonstrated to affect the quality of life in patients with IBD and can even be associated with more comorbidity than the bowel disease itself. Therefore, an early and proper management of EIMs is essential for improving the overall quality of life in patients with IBD.
The development of biologic therapy has markedly improved the quality of life of patients with IBD and biologics are now a mainstay in the management of moderate-to-severe IBD, particularly CD. TNF-? inhibitors, anti-?4-integrin antibodies, and one anti-interleukin-12/23 antibody have been shown to be effective in inducing and maintaining remission of luminal bowel inflammation in randomized controlled trials. However, most of the data regarding the efficacy of these biologics in treating EIMs has not been reported. Current recommendations for management of EIMs are based on the limited evidence available from case reports and open-label trials, and no specific guidelines have been developed for therapy. Although meta-analyses have been published for the efficacy of these drugs in treating luminal inflammation, no study assessing the comparative efficacy of currently available biologics for IBD in managing EIMs has been published.
The importance of developing more specific guidelines for the management of IBD with associated EIMs stems from the fact that some of these inflammatory manifestations can lead to irreversible deterioration and long-term disability if not treated early and effectively. Determining which of the currently available biologic therapies, if any, is the most effective option for managing patients with IBD complicated by EIMs will lead to long-term improvements in quality of life and significant reductions in long term morbidity. We therefore propose a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis to assess the comparative efficacy of biologic therapy in treating EIMs associated with IBD.

Specific Aims of the Project: PRIMARY AIM: The primary aim of the study is to assess the comparative efficacy of currently available biologic therapies in resolving EIMs of IBD.
SECONDARY AIM: To compare the results on the efficacy of biologic therapy in resolving musculoskeletal manifestations from trials targeting spondyloarthropathies vs. the results from trials targeting IBD luminal inflammation as a way to evaluate the reliability of the assessments performed in IBD trials.

Study Design:

What is the purpose of the analysis being proposed? Please select all that apply.: New research question to examine treatment effectiveness on secondary endpoints and/or within subgroup populations Participant-level data meta-analysis Meta-analysis using data from the YODA Project and other data sources

Software Used:

Data Source and Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria to be used to define the patient sample for your study: DATA SOURCE: We are requesting data regarding the presence of EIMs before and after therapy in each of the treatment arms of eligible RCTs. We are including two main groups of RCTs: RCTs evaluating the efficacy of biologic therapy in inducing and/or maintaining remission of bowel inflammation in patients with IBD (IBD trials); and RCTs evaluating the efficacy of biologic therapy in treating axial and/or peripheral spondyloarthropathies in which patients with concomitant IBD were included (spondyloarthropathy trials).
INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) Adult IBD patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of CD or UC. 2) RCTs involving the following interventions: TNF-? inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol), anti-?4-integrin antibodies (natalizumab, vedolizumab), and anti-interleukin-12/23 antibodies (ustekinumab). 3) Subjects have to be randomized to treatment or placebo

Primary and Secondary Outcome Measure(s) and how they will be categorized/defined for your study: For IBD trials, the main outcome measure is the proportion of patients that had resolved EIMs compared to baseline after treatment at specific time points. We are focusing on outcome measures obtained after 6 weeks of treatment in induction trials and after 52 weeks in maintenance trials. For spondyloarthropathy trials, the main outcome measure is the proportion of patients fulfilling ASDAS inactive disease criteria after treatment compared to baseline within the subgroup of IBD patients. For the latter, we are focusing on outcome measures obtained after 6 weeks of treatment.
We are requesting data on the following extraintestinal manifestations:
1) Musculoskeletal: peripheral arthropathy (type 1 and type 2), axial arthropathy (ankylosing spondylitis, sacroiliitis)
2) Ocular: uveitis, iritis, episcleritis
3) Dermatologic: erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum
4) Hepatobiliary: primary sclerosing cholangitis

Main Predictor/Independent Variable and how it will be categorized/defined for your study: The main independent variables are the biological therapies under study: infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, natalizumab, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab. The dependent variables will be the proportion of patients that achieved resolution of EIMs after treatment with biologic therapy compared to placebo.

Other Variables of Interest that will be used in your analysis and how they will be categorized/defined for your study:

Statistical Analysis Plan: SEARCH STRATEGY: We conducted a literature search using MEDLINE (1946 to February 2016), EMBASE (1988 to February 2016), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 2, February 2016).
CONTACT WITH STUDY SPONSORS: Studies fulfilling inclusion criteria will be added to the meta-analysis depending on the availability of unpublished data necessary to answer the research question. The respective study sponsors and data owners will be contacted in order to ensure that data on EIMs was collected before and after treatment.
DATA EXTRACTION: Data will be extracted as dichotomous outcomes and pooled into a software program designed for preparing and maintaining systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Review Manager 5.3; Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark). Data will be extracted as intention-to-treat analyses, in which all dropouts are assumed to be treatment failures.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF BIAS: The assessment of risk of bias will be performed by two independent reviewers with any disagreements resolved by consensus with an expert investigator. Risk of bias will be assessed as described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (version 5.1.0) by evaluating methods used for random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, blinding of outcome assessments, managing incomplete outcome data, selective reporting, and other biases.
DATA SYNTHESIS: Data will be pooled using a random effects model to give a more conservative estimate of the effect of individual therapies, allowing for heterogeneity between studies. The effects of different interventions will be expressed as a relative risk (RR) of achieving resolution in IBD trials or achieving ASDAS inactive disease criteria in spondyloarthropathy trials with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
TESTS FOR HETEROGENEITY: To assess heterogeneity between individual therapies varying in dosing regimens and routes of administration, the I2 test statistic will be used. Values for I2 range from 0% to 100%, where 0% represents no observed heterogeneity and larger values represent increasing heterogeneity.
SUBGROUP ANALYSES
1. Drug vs. drug
2. TNF-? inhibitors vs. anti-?4-integrin antibodies vs. anti-interleukin-12/23 antibodies
3. Results from spondyloarthropathy trials vs. results from IBD trials
4. Subgroup analyses on response to therapy among individual categories of EIMs: musculoskeletal, skin, ocular, and hepatobiliary manifestations
5. Subgroup analyses for different dosages
SENSITIVITY ANALYSES: Sensitivity analyses will be performed for potential sources of heterogeneity between trials such as differences in the method of clinical evaluation of EIMs and differences in dosages.

Narrative Summary: Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are relatively common in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several observational studies have reported the prevalence of at least one EIM to be around 6 ? 47% among patients with IBD. More importantly, EIMs have been demonstrated to affect the quality of life of these patients and can even be associated with more comorbidity than the bowel disease itself. Numerous clinical trials have shown that biologics are effective in inducing and maintaining remission of bowel inflammation, but the comparative efficacy of currently available biologics in resolving EIMs remains unknown.

Project Timeline: The proposed project timeline began in 01/01/2016 with initial study design and ends in 12/31/2016 with final manuscript submission. In the first four months from 01/01/2016 to 04/30/2016 we have developed the study design, conducted the search strategy, performed the abstract screening, and finished the full-text review of eligible trials. We expect to have obtained all necessary unpublished data from eligible trials by 07/31/2016. Data analysis should be completed by 08/31/2016. Manuscript writing, review, and submission should be finished by 12/31/2016. Results will be reported back to the YODA Project by 12/31/2016.

Dissemination Plan: Suitable journals for submission include Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gut, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Bibliography:

1. Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Rawsthorne P, Yu N. The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:1116-22.
2. Lakatos L, Pandur T, David G, et al. Association of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in a province of western Hungary with disease phenotype: results of a 25-year follow-up study. World J Gastroenterol 2003;9:2300-7.
3. Ricart E, Panaccione R, Loftus EV, Jr., et al. Autoimmune disorders and extraintestinal manifestations in first-degree familial and sporadic inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004;10:207-14.
4. Ardizzone S, Puttini PS, Cassinotti A, Porro GB. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Digestive and Liver Disease 2008;40:S253-S9.
5. Palm O, Bernklev T, Moum B, Gran JT. Non-inflammatory joint pain in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is prevalent and has a significant impact on health related quality of life. Journal of Rheumatology 2005;32:1755-9.
6. LeBlanc K, Mosli MH, Parker CE, MacDonald JK. The impact of biological interventions for ulcerative colitis on health-related quality of life. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;9:CD008655.
7. van der Have M, van der Aalst KS, Kaptein AA, et al. Determinants of health-related quality of life in Crohn’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis 2014;8:93-106.
8. Targan SR, Hanauer SB, van Deventer SJ, et al. A short-term study of chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2 to tumor necrosis factor alpha for Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s Disease cA2 Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1029-35.
9. Rutgeerts P, D’Haens G, Targan S, et al. Efficacy and safety of retreatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody (infliximab) to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1999;117:761-9.
10. Rutgeerts P, Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, et al. Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2462-76.
11. Hanauer SB, Sandborn WJ, Rutgeerts P, et al. Human anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody (adalimumab) in Crohn’s disease: the CLASSIC-I trial. Gastroenterology 2006;130:323-33; quiz 591.
12. Reinisch W, Sandborn WJ, Hommes DW, et al. Adalimumab for induction of clinical remission in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results of a randomised controlled trial. Gut 2011;60:780-7.
13. Sandborn WJ, van Assche G, Reinisch W, et al. Adalimumab induces and maintains clinical remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2012;142:257-65 e1-3.
14. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Stoinov S, et al. Certolizumab pegol for the treatment of Crohn’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2007;357:228-38.
15. Schreiber S, Khaliq-Kareemi M, Lawrance IC, et al. Maintenance therapy with certolizumab pegol for Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 2007;357:239-50.
16. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Marano C, et al. Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2014;146:85-95; quiz e14-5.
17. Sandborn WJ, Colombel JF, Enns R, et al. Natalizumab induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1912-25.
18. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Rutgeerts P, et al. Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 2013;369:711-21.
19. Feagan BG, Rutgeerts P, Sands BE, et al. Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med 2013;369:699-710.
20. Sandborn WJ, Gasink C, Gao LL, et al. Ustekinumab induction and maintenance therapy in refractory Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1519-28.
21. Alkhouri N, Hupertz V, Mahajan L. Adalimumab treatment for peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum associated with Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009;15:803-6.
22. Carinanos I, Acosta MB, Domenech E. Adalimumab for pyoderma gangrenosum associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17:E153-4.
23. Van den Bosch F, Kruithof E, Vos MD, Keyser FD, Mielants H. Crohn’s disease associated with spondyloarthropathy: effect of TNF-? blockade with infliximab on articular symptoms. The Lancet 2000;356:1821-2.
24. Fries W, Giofre MR, Catanoso M, Lo Gullo R. Treatment of acute uveitis associated with Crohn’s disease and sacroileitis with infliximab. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2002;97:499-500.
25. Rispo A, Scarpa R, Di Girolamo E, et al. Infliximab in the treatment of extra-intestinal manifestations of Crohn’s disease. Scand J Rheumatol 2005;34:387-91.
26. Ellman MH, Hanauer S, Sitrin M, Cohen R. Crohn’s disease arthritis treated with infliximab: an open trial in four patients. J Clin Rheumatol 2001;7:67-71.
27. Herfarth H, Obermeier F, Andus T, et al. Improvement of arthritis and arthralgia after treatment with infliximab (Remicade) in a German prospective, open-label, multicenter trial in refractory Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2688-90.
28. Kaufman I, Caspi D, Yeshurun D, Dotan I, Yaron M, Elkayam O. The effect of infliximab on extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn’s disease. Rheumatol Int 2005;25:406-10.
29. Generini S, Giacomelli R, Fedi R, et al. Infliximab in spondyloarthropathy associated with Crohn’s disease: an open study on the efficacy of inducing and maintaining remission of musculoskeletal and gut manifestations. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:1664-9.
30. Ford AC, Sandborn WJ, Khan KJ, Hanauer SB, Talley NJ, Moayyedi P. Efficacy of biological therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:644-59, quiz 60.
31. Benson JM, Peritt D, Scallon BJ, et al. Discovery and mechanism of ustekinumab: a human monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 for treatment of immune-mediated disorders. MAbs 2011;3:535-45.
32. Soler D, Chapman T, Yang LL, Wyant T, Egan R, Fedyk ER. The binding specificity and selective antagonism of vedolizumab, an anti-alpha4beta7 integrin therapeutic antibody in development for inflammatory bowel diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009;330:864-75.